National Security

National Security: How Working Without Warrants Puts Us At Risk Samantha Schmidt English 112-L04 April 19, 2012 National Security: How Working Without Warrants Puts Us at Risk After 9/11, the whole country was sent into a tailspin. The fact that the United States, one of the most powerful countries worldwide, had suffered such a blow was mind blowing. The people were terrified. So too insure that a tragedy of that magnitude never happened again, the government put into place many new precautions.The most noticeable precaution would of course be the security in airports. What used to be a fast and simple process became a long, intrusive, uncomfortable experience. However, the biggest change is almost undetectable. To prevent another terrorist attack the National Security Agency (NSA) was given the ability to place individuals under surveillance. That means watching their emails, internet searches, and even listening in on phone conversations.In the beginning it was understood that the NSA would have to obtain warrants before placing individuals under surveillance, but as time passed it became apparent that the NSA often skipped the warrant process. If the NSA has the correct amount of evidence to give them probable cause against a suspect then they should be obtaining warrants. The National Security Agency has been providing important information to the US Military and major US decision makers since 1972. The NSA is responsible for a very large amount of information passed down the lines.The agency also enables Network Warfare operations in order to defeat terrorist organization foreign, and domestic. (National Security Agency, 2011) A warrant is a piece of paper giving law enforcement the ability to search, and seize items or information when probable cause has been presented (Search, 2010). When obtaining warrants, law enforcement must show enough evidence to prove that they have good reason to be interested in this certain individual. When one bypasses the ob taining of a warrant, they are endangering any chance of a conviction.Once a case gets to court, if it is discovered that the law enforcement agents acted without a warrant the case can be dismissed. If a terrorist is found, and brought to trial the evidence will be heavily examined, and the topic of warrants will come up. Once it is revealed that evidence was acquired without a warrant, the case can either be dismissed or the defendant could be found not guilty. Then due to Double Jeopardy, that same suspect cannot be tried again under the same charges. So proceeding in an investigation without a warrant can lead to letting a dangerous terrorist back into the public.In 2010, Federal Judge Vaughn R. Walker, ruled against the government stating they had violated a 1978 federal statute requiring court approval for domestic surveillance, when in 2004 they intercepted a message between a now-defunct Islamic charity, two of its lawyers, and Al Haramain. Judge Walker, Chief Judge of the F ederal District Court in San Francisco, ruled that the government was going to be held liable and would pay the plaintiffs for having been â€Å"subjected to unlawful surveillance. Judge Walker further displayed his objection to FISA’s action by stating it had â€Å"Obvious Potential for governmental abuse and over reaching† This was not the first time a specific wiretapping incident had been considered illegal. In 2006 Federal Judge Anna Diggs Taylor’s ruling of an illegal ruling was reversed on the grounds that the plaintiffs could not prove they were under surveillance, and therefore lacked the legal standing to sue. (Risen & Savage, 2010). Even when the NSA obtained warrants, they were often procured under spotty methods.In his 2006 essay; Big Brother Is Listening, James Bamford points out the flaws of the NSA’s warrant process. He gives the account of Jonathon Turley, a George Washington University Law professor who was employed by the NSA as a youn g intern. The FISA (Foreign Intelligence surveillance court), courtroom was hidden away on the top floor of the of the Justice Department Building (because even the location is supposed to be secret), is actually a heavily protected, windowless, bug-proof installation known as a Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility or SCIF.Turley recounted â€Å"I was shocked with what I saw. I was convinced that the judge is that SCIF would have signed anything that we put in front of him. And I wasn’t entirely sure that he had actually red what they put in front of him. But I remember going back to my supervisor at NSA and saying, ‘That place scares the daylights out of me. ’† The idea of judges signing warrant requests when they have not even read them and therefore, do not understand them is quite worrisome.When a judge signs a warrant, they must read to see if there is enough legal grounds to approve it. By signing without reading, a judge is giving the ok to watch these people having no idea if there was probable cause or sustainable evidence. When a judge is presented with a warrant application, they should have to read that application in its entirety. They should have to know that there is proof without a reasonable doubt that this person should be put under surveillance.They should fully understand the details and evidence of the case, and then decide if surveillance is really necessary. More important though, the NSA should always get a warrant before placing an individual under surveillance. Not only to protect our privacy, but to make sure the charges stand up in court. Even though the NSA is a government agency, they cannot bypass the rules of investigation. References Bamford, J. (2006). Big brother is listening. White F. D. , & Simone J. B.The well-crafted argument. (406-415) Boston, Ma: Wadsworth. National Security Agency. (2011). Retrieved April 18, 2012, from www. nsa. gov/about/index. shtml Risen J. , & Savage C. (2010, Ma rch 31). Federal judge finds NSA wiretaps were illegal. The New York Times. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from www. nytimes. com/2012/04/01/us/01nsa. html Search Warrants: An Overview. (2010). Cornell University Law School. Retrieved April, 17, 2012, from www. law. cornell. edu/wex/search_warrant

English language communication Essay

By learning English, we can develop four important skills like listening, speaking, reading and writing. Advantages of learning English language communication is an endless list, creating possibilities each day to connect with people worldwide. With command over English language you can get jobs easily and can participate in interviews and discuss with people in a group about any particular important topic or aspect. English communication gains us wisdom and we can also gain lots of knowledge by reading online magazines, newspapers, story books, essays, websites and journals and any of the greatest and famous writing written in English by poets, authors or leaders. Apart from being most important, widely used and useful, English is considered to be one of the easiest languages to learn and speak. With daily practice, you can communicate-well with others and improve your skills, show-off or expose your skills before others to impress and motivate them to come up with their English language communications skills. Hence, English even-though being a foreign language to many is now most commonly used language worldwide. Advantages of learning English language communication is an endless list, creating possibilities each day to connect with people worldwide. With command over English language you can get jobs easily and can participate in interviews and discuss with people in a group about any particular important topic or aspect. English communication gains us wisdom and we can also gain lots & lots of knowledge by reading online magazines, newspapers, story books, essays, websites and journals and any of the greatest and famous writing written in English by poets, authors or leaders. Apart from being most important, widely used and useful, English is considered to be one of the easiest languages to learn and speak. With daily practice, you can communicate-well with others and improve your skills, show-off or expose your skills before others to impress and motivate them to come up with their English language communications skills. Hence, English even-though being a foreign language to many is now most commonly used language worldwide especially in British dominion later became Independent republican countries like India and Pakistan. Proud to be an Indian, speaking foreign language, so people around you can’t understand. Knowledge of English is important as we can get to know how to frame sentences, how to use words in dialogues while speaking to others. As every word has a particular context where it fits right, using words in such a manner in English is an art that can only be mastered by practice. And with such command, we can easily communicate with others on any level. Mostly, listening and speaking improves our command on English language. Daily listening to English speakers and trying speaking in English, helps you to know how to use the language, where to use each word and when to use it in a correct manner.

Connection Between Surf, Spirituality And Media Speech or Presentation

Connection Between Surf, Spirituality And Media - Speech or Presentation Example Surfing brings about and evokes the spirituality within individuals. Surfing helps to rejuvenate the connections and oneness with the cosmology. It helps to link the surfer with the positive energy that persists in the world. Another experience that surfers share which evokes spirituality in them is friendly relation and bond they develop for the various aquatic species that reside within the ocean. Some suffers have also reported that they have experienced communication between various aquatic species that on various occasions when they were on the shore in solitude waiting for the right moment to hit the waves. It is also assumed that the spiritual connection that surfers go through also causes them to develop a sense of responsibility in them to save and protect the marine life that resides in water. Today, many organizations have been established that help surfers to gather on a platform, make them aware of their responsibility towards the aquatic life and also to acknowledge the m that the sport they play has a religious point of view too which means that surfing is not merely an experience but it has certain religious perspective.... Spirituality is something within or at times is sought. These days spirituality is obtained through various means. One of them is through sports. When a surfer hits the waves, he comes in contact with the forces of nature that persist. The waves drive him to the shore. On his entire quest on the waves he is in direct contact with nature, the surfer is eventually following the course of nature. Indulging in the waves, he finds his way to the shore which portrays a real experience; a man enters this temporary and fake world. Gets involved in various activities, those who seek the path of God and patiently wait for their reward finally stand victorious like a surfer after hitting the high waves comes back to the shore same way a man continues his journey in this world and the world after. Kreeft in his essay on surfing and spirituality states that "The key elements in the symbolism are pretty clear: I, the surfer, am—myself. The body with which I surf in the sea symbolizes the so ul, with which I "surf" in God. The sea is God. The beach is the approach to God. Surfing is the experience of God, or the spiritual life" (Kreeft, Surfing and spirituality). This is a very precise way to explain surfing and spirituality. Media plays a very important role when it comes to the reinforcement of sustainability as a principal part of surf mentality. This is an all-inclusivemeasure—the magazines and videos featuring professional surfers cannot be shallow and focus only on surfing. Sustainability needs to come up more frequently than once a year in the magazines, for example, in the â€Å"green† issue. Surf media affects the youth: many individuals were influenced by surfing

Political Philosophies of Socrates, Plato and Confucius Essay

Political Philosophies of Socrates, Plato and Confucius - Essay Example The lives of the three philosophers are summarized by Plato when he said that "man must seek the truth; and once the truth is discovered in the purely speculative field, it must serve to find the solution of practical problems: rendering man morally better". To the untrained mind, the three philosophers may seem to differ on their political philosophies. Socrates purports that the political expression of government was the common good of all citizens, not the triumph of the individual over society's rules. Socrates opposed the Sophists, the teachers of philosophy in ancient Greece, on many fine points; one of the most important of which is their concern for the quality of life, in living ethically and believing that happiness is the ultimate purpose of life. The Sophists advocated that happiness is best achieved when materials things such as material possessions and wealth are acquired. Socrates argued that happiness was the ethical knowledge of how people are supposed to live. Moreover, governments, rather than being merely powerful organizational entities, should embody the ethical principles that will promote moral well-being. As a result of Socrates' political convictions, he was charged with corrupting the youth- because his studen ts were inspired by Socrates' idea to question authority, think for themselves and reject the establishment. According to Plato's account, Socrates was not subtle about his particular beliefs on government. He objected to any form of government that did not conform to his ideal of a perfect republic led by philosophers. However, this argument is often denied because of the fact that he refused to enter into politics or participate in government of any sort, stating that he could not look into other matters or tell people how to live when he himself did not yet understand. Nevertheless, history supports that Socrates thought that the rule of the Thirty Tyrants (Junta that overthrew democracy) was as objectionable as democracy. Plato advocates that the best form of government as seen in the Republic, is a government that reconciles different people's interests and includes aristocratic, oligarchic, and democratic elements. He further argues that politics needs expert rulers, who must be carefully selected and prepared in the course of extensive training. Since making political decisions require good judgment, government need competent rulers and these virtues can be found in philosophers. For Plato, government should exist for the benefit of all citizens and all social classes. Likewise, government should be responsible in mediating between potentially conflicting interests which may arise in the state. He then suggests in the Republic that this mediating force can be exercised ideally by philosopher-rulers. They will serve as the guarantors of the political order that is encapsulated in the norm that regulates just relations of persons and classes within the city. However, the great paradox of The Republic is that philosophers are not interested in ruling and have only desire in the pursuit of more knowledge. As Plato states in The Republic, "the society we have described can never grow into a reality or see the light of day, and there will be no end to the troubles of states, or indeed, my dear Glaucon, of humanity itself, till philosophers are kings in this world, or till those we now call kings and rulers really and truly become philosophers, and

Case 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case 8 - Assignment Example The perception that greening affects bottom line has begun losing ground. It is a changed mindset among business organizations that has given a big fillip to myriads of environment-friendly business activities. Various measurement techniques including the Green Confidence Index or indices such as S&P/IFC Carbon Efficient Index distinguish organizations on the critical aspect of pollutants they create. Investor community patronizes those organizations that work harder reducing carbon footprint. The companies such as Wal-Mart, Google, IBM, Procter & Gamble, Hewlett-Packard, Dell Inc, General Electric, Intel Corp. have done pioneering efforts meeting sustainability objectives. Developing countries such as China too have been found supporting sustainable business practices though many companies in the US need to create pressure on their overseas suppliers to meet certain minimum standards that protect environment. According to the writer, studies reveal that the company's performance, ov er time, improves with its greening efforts. Soon a time will come when business performance will not be measured only through growth or profitability parameters but how the company as a business organization has fared on reducing its carbon footprint. ... ening' is a new buzz word for organizations showing their commitment not only towards society but also a larger interest of sustaining life on this planet. Even if 'greening' is not good for bottom line in a conventional sense, the efforts are appreciated by all stakeholders of the organization. It is a natural transition from a process that started with producing goods fulfilling the needs of customers to satisfying the needs of environment as well. After all, survival and sustainability issues are the concerns of all that live on this earth. The fact remains that greening has become an intrinsic part of the most organizations in the US. Consumers do not patronize those business organizations that ignore this crucial aspect in their day-to-day operations. Over time, consumers have become enlightened after seeing the horrendous consequences of climate change in most part of the world due to unfriendly environmental practices followed in last several decades. The global warming has ca used catastrophic climate changes across all parts of the world leading to increased frequency of cyclones, drought, melting of icebergs leading to submergence of low lying areas causing displacement of populace, or above normal precipitation in many parts of the world. Even economic slowdown has not derailed environmental-friendly practices because the perception that greening adds to the cost has not been found true in a broader sense. When large organizations, especially in the developed countries, are putting consistent efforts reducing carbon footprints as a part of their social responsibility, it becomes imperative on part of others to follow the suit regardless of its cost implications. It is true that certain businesses such as textile processing, chemicals, color and pigments

Reflective Diary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Reflective Diary - Essay Example One of my pair’s friends commented that I did not give enough time for my partner to speak out. I was surprised and I reflected if I did hinder my partner’s communication in any way and why I did not become more aware of it. Using Johns Model, the significant factors that might have affected the experience (University of Cumbria, 2014b, p.2) were the limited time of the discussion, my extrovert personality, and my impatience in waiting for others to express themselves. Time was limited and I felt the pressure to rush the process of the discussion to get the results of how to speak with others. In addition, I am a friendly person and I like talking to people, which can seem like dominating conversations. In my mind, I also want to motivate others to speak by talking about my experiences, but this does not work all the time. Furthermore, I was a bit impatient in waiting for my partner to speak up. I think I do not know how to deal with shy or introvert people as much as I would like to admit because I am unsure if and when silence is something good in conversations when dealing with strangers. The next stage for the model is reflection on what I was trying to achieve and the consequences of my goals and actions (University of Cumbria, 2014b, p.2). My goals then were to express my ideas and issues about communication and to ensure that I can also learn from my partner. My constraints were time and the potentially different communication styles that we have. Time can be an obstacle to effective communication if it becomes a source of pressure to attain fast outcomes (Bruhn, 2011, p.278). Differences in communication styles can also lead to incorrect interpretations of verbal and non-verbal expressions (Solomon and Theiss, 2013, p.360). As for the consequences, I probably did not give my partner enough time to be able to fully express her ideas and opinions. I can be quite outcome-oriented, which can make me vulnerable to time pressures (Bruhn,

The Idea That Lesbians Are Not Considered Women As Presented By Hale Essay

The Idea That Lesbians Are Not Considered Women As Presented By Hale - Essay Example To be a woman, one has to have the female gender, and thus, referring to lesbians as being non-women means that they are bad people and this implies that they are incompatible with being a woman. The second argument that Hale raises in support of his argument that lesbians are not women is the interconnection between sex, heterosexuality as political regime as well as the concepts of being woman and man. The paradigm of the very definition of being a woman, argues Hale, is the difference between the two sexes, which are either male or female, but nothing in the middle. Lesbians qualify neither as men, nor as women. One has to be either a woman or a man, and this qualifies them for marriage. However, women do not qualify for such an institution, and thus, lesbians are not women. Further, if the concept of heterosexuality is removed from the picture, it would be wrong to say that women make love top fellow women. This cannot happen in such relationships, as such, the heterosexual conce pt comes about in support of lesbian relationships. Hale draws a number of conclusions from the arguments rose. That the category of sex presupposes of there being an existence of a discourse in which sex is binary, then, man and woman are exhaustive, yet, man and woman are opposite but complementing. Additionally, he holds that in the discourse of heterosexuality, the categorization of sex subsumes, conforming to the reality. He also believes that being a woman, it means having a binary relation with a man. This is the main reason why Fansto held that men and women are different from each other. However, this is not true in a lesbian case, as there is no binary relationship between a man and a woman in a lesbian relationship. ... However, this is not true in a lesbian case, as there is no binary relationship between a man and a woman in a lesbian relationship (Hale 48). The fact that there is no particular relationship between a lesbian and a man, then, making the conclusion that no lesbian is a woman is true. Some of the other arguments hold that marriage defines being a woman. Opponents of these arguments, in response, pose the question, whether catholic nuns in such cases are not women. In essence, the author, articulating sex and gender could be either right or wrong (Hale 48). Gender, being a highly complex aspect of morally accountable cultural practices, successfully classifies men and women in accordance to their cultural construct (Hale 48). There are only two genders in the world; one can either be male or female, and nothing more. One cannot transfer from one gender to another, except in ceremonial times. Other researchers protest such changes, as (Fansto 126) holds that we should let people grow t he way they were born. Therefore, one of the women in the relationship acting as a man in a relationship does not simply make them male. Thus, nobody choses or decides on the particular gender they fall into. These are arguments used by Hale in arguing that lesbians are not women; if they truly are women, then they should conform to the doctrines of being woman. The Concept of the Thirteen Characteristics Not only did Hale argue that the reasons why lesbians are not woman, he also defined the characterizing features of a woman. According to him, the characterizing features of a woman fall into different clusters of groups. Sex characteristics cluster This cluster holds the largest number of people, who define gender with reference to sexuality. The following are the defining

Social Networking Sites Negatively Effect Adults through the Windows Research Paper

Social Networking Sites Negatively Effect Adults through the Windows of Privacy, Productivity, and Health - Research Paper Example This will drastically cut the incidents where their information is stolen or used without their permission (Collins 2008) C) The effect on productivity and overall performance is significant. Many workers have been found wasting their time while surfing and using these social networks. Numerous steps have been taken to curb its use on the internet (Das & Sahoo 2011) D) Psychological and behavioral changes due to the excessive use of Social networking sites have been observed and the most prominent one is the addiction to it. Also many people have been found to become reclusive from the society and more prone to interacting through these websites (Mackey 2009) 3. In summation, the excessive use of these social networking websites has affected many users considerably. The effects of its usage are on both on the body and mind. Social networking sites negatively affect adults through the windows of privacy, productivity, and health The rapid adoption of the social network services has re sulted in numerous researches and surveys being conducted to understand its effects on the personal and social behavior of a person. Also its excessive use has resulted in many adults facing issues of privacy and breach of security when it comes to their information. Many social network service companies are now offering better and improved services that include reading comics, playing games, and better communications with your connections and many other features, which has resulted in a negative influence on the productivity of the individuals. Many offices worldwide are simply banning Facebook and other famous social networking websites on their premises so that the employees should focus on their work. One of the most detrimental effects of social networks that have been observed is on the health of the users. It has been now attributed to psychological and behavioral changes in many users and is considered to be a health hazard in case of excessive use. This paper will try to ev aluate whether social networking sites have a negative influence and impact on the privacy, productivity and the health of many adult users (Boyd & Ellison 2007). Since their inception Social network services have changed or revolutionized the way we communicate on the internet. People who start using social network services will initially do so for many reasons, but the basic motivation is to start communicating and sustaining relationships. A social network service can be defined as a service that assists people to create their own profile on the internet which they can either make public or semi public. Apart from this, the social network service will also allow users to connect with people they know or share the same interests with. The social network services serve as a platform on which people can view and find new connections and also view their friends and family connections making it transverse and interconnected (Boyd & Ellison 2007). Social networks have been widely criti cized for privacy concerns. When a person creates their page or account on a social network, they are required to fill in some information for their public profile. But there are great variations in the level of privacy offered by numerous social networks.

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Interview - Essay Example Bad is what the religion declares bad. Religion is the fundamental source of evaluation of matters and their categorization as good or bad. Likewise, right is what religion allows and wrong is what religion disallows. In case one is not able to retrieve firm decision of the religion upon a matter, one should use the common sense to decide whether an action is right or wrong. Perfection means zero mistake. Excellence is the level closest to perfection, but not perfection. Justice is what makes a system stable and sustainable. Peace/harmony is lack of conflict. Compromise and patience are required to achieve peace/harmony. The end/goal/objective of existence is worshipping of one God and living the life according to His instructions. This objective can be achieved by studying and adjusting the ways in accordance with the instructions in the Holy book and following the instructions and actions of the Prophet. Family is the basic social unit. Family is a system wherein people are related to one another and have certain rights upon and responsibilities towards one another as dictated by the religion. A community is any group of people that have some kind of shared interests. Society is the conglomerate of communities. Different communities join together to form a society. Culture is a conglomerate of the social norms, values, trends and traditions which are formed jointly by the history, religion and the geography. We learn the culture of our own society by living and growing up in it. We learn about other cultures through literature and media. Social interaction is the dealing of individuals with one another. A relationship is an interaction guided by the rights and responsibilities of the related parties towards each other. Trade is the name of exchange. Economics is the management of finances. Power is authority accompanied with responsibility. Politics is a

Compare Yvette with Virgil.(The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz) Article

Compare Yvette with Virgil.(The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz) - Article Example As for Yvette, she is in love with the protagonist and tries to take care of him. This woman does everything possible to change his selfish nature and teach him morals. She believes that time will pass and Duddy will appreciate her love and patience. Unfortunately, nothing is changed and Yvette gives up her attempts to find an ideal sweetheart in the person of Duddy. Yvette cannot stand the protagonist’s ambitious character any more. Virgil does not try to change Duddy, despite Yvette. He just does his work and obeys Duddy, his boss. It seems that Virgil is more realistic than Yvette. He understands that it is impossible to change a person for the better without his/her own decision to improve his/her character and attitude towards other people. Both Yvette and Virgil are great dreamers, but their dreams are different. Yvette is more worried about her own personality. This woman wants to find her true love. Virgil’s dreams do not concern only him. He wants to help other people; this person has an intention to help epileptics. His plan is to create an Epileptic Awareness publication to give these people the same support as all other minorities have. Works Cited Mordecai, Richer. The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz. New York: McClelland & Stewart, 2001. Print.

Dramatic devices Essay Example for Free

Dramatic devices Essay Compare and contrast the characters of Inspector Goole and Mr Birling in Act One. How does J.B Priestly use dramatic devices to help shape an audiences response to views presented in this play.  J.B Priestlys play was set in 1912 but written in 1945. The President at the time was called Herbert Asquith. The Titanic was built and nicknamed, The Unsinkable. It crashed on its first commercial journey on an iceberg and sunk, more than a hundred were unfound. It was just before World War 1 broke out against Germany. In 1945, World war 2 had just ended. Thousands upon thousands had perished in the war and the country was grieving its vast loses, still pondering the horrific situation upon which they had been left in. The country was brought together in sadness and grieving.  Britain in 1912 was a nation divided by class. Poverty was no longer the fault of the poor but the fault of society Britain had created. While the poor suffered, the rich and middle class enjoyed a lifestyle which even people today would envy. Poverty ravished the country. This was made to a great extent worse by World war 1 and 2. Priestly, through this play was trying to show the appalling fault of society. The extremes and ignorance of the Capitalist views and that unless it stopped this kind of poverty and war would continue happening. He was trying to convey to the audience his Socialist views. By undertaking this, he could outline all the negative points of Capitalist ideas and at the same time highlight all the good points about the Socialist ideas, effectively demonstrating the potential of Socialist views and subconsciously allowing people to think twice about Capitalism. The Inspectors name, Goole, is a dramatic device used in order to express to the audience that there is a kind of mysterious nature about him. The Goole name relating to such as a ghost as it sounds a lot like ghoul. This is very ironic, as he seems to act this very well. Goole is also a seaport town, this can be linked with the referral to fish for information. He is fishing for information from the Birling family. He is much like Eva Smith, just another face in the crowd, common. This links with the name Smith it is a very common name. Eve was the very first women in the Bible and is represented in that way as being very innocent and is an innocent victim in this matter. She is representing society and all the oppressed victims. This associates with the continuous repetition of A lot of these young women by the Inspector which further hints to what or who Eva Smith represents. He also seems to be omniscient about the matter of Eva Smith. Almost intimidating at times. None of the Birling family is sure how much he already knows, but all the same he still drags the truth from them. The Inspector is not a big man and need not be a big man as he creates at once the impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness. He is in his fifties and dressed in a plain darkish suit of the period. Priestly introduces him as a superior person. A person who is going to make an impact even before he has spoken based purely on his appearance. Because of the Inspectors appearance it gives a que for everyone including the audience to take him seriously. His appearance alone demands respect. He comes across as being very professional, organised and thus good at his job. He is talked about by Sheila as if you cannot trick him. He will find out what he does not already know. The Inspector is the catalyst in the play. He speeds up all the confessions of the characters in the play by the belief of the other characters that he already knows everything and he tries to make them change in order to help society. On the other hand, Arthur Birling is a:  Heavy looking very portentous man in his middles fifties with fairly easy manners but rather provincial in his speech.  The spotlight is immediately taken off Mr Birling when the Inspector walks in and this discomforts him. The Inspector looks somewhat superior to Mr Birling. Mr Birling hates this as he demands social status because of how rich he is. He tries very hard to gain social superiority but lacks refinement. Tell the cook for me It is bad manners to comment on the food at your own house, Mrs Birling says to him Arthur you must not say such things. As you can see by this, Mrs Birling is Mr Birlings social superior. This is ironic as he is trying to depict himself as a person of high social status but it has already been seen by his actions and what he says that he is not of high social status, he lacks the correct mannerisms. The effect of this is that he is made to look dim-witted and the audience would not look to him as being a superior man to the inspector but the same underneath. The inspector speaks like a judge or prophet. He continually makes comments about the actions of the characters in the play. The Inspector seems to care a lot about other people. He believes everyone should act as a community and all have responsibility for their actions against anyone. This is in deep contrast to the morals of Mr Birling. Mr Birling thinks that he has no responsibility over his employees. If he fires them then it is their responsibility what they do. He is very right wing in his thinking and does not believe that everyone is equal.

Mowing Robert Frost Analysis

Mowing Robert Frost Analysis Mowing is a lyric poem written by Robert Frost in the year 1913. Like many other poets achieve that Frost does not, they talk about their imagination or something that they are wondering. Frost on the other hand expands his poetry into discussion about real life, and real situations. Just as it says in lines seven and eight, It was no dream of the gift of idle hours, or easy gold at the hand of fay or elf. Just as it declares, it is not a dream; it is real life reflecting that what he is doing is not easy. It is hard labor but yet he sticks it out and keeps working. Using the fourteen line method like the sonnet, Mowing does not pursue the same rhyme scheme. Instead Frost makes up his own. His rhyme scheme consists of a pattern of ABC ABD ECD GEH GH. Rhythm found here is that of the lines containing about the same number of syllables as each other. The lines are not of different syllables such as one line being 20 syllables and another being five. They are all around the same number which keeps the poem flowing smoothly. And all throughout this poem there is alliteration found. There are numerous words with the W, N, and D sounds. But on the other hand there are no similes or metaphors found in this poem. Mowing does not use a good amount of diction. But in some places it does, are examples like idle hours, and feeble-pointing spikes. All the other words are words such as heat, whisper, weak, laid, and scared, which could be spiced up to more complex words, since this poem is written by a professional. Meter, also used in this spectacular poem, contains unstressed and stressed syllables, with only five stressed syllables in apiece line. The scythe in some cases may be referring to reality or how hot it is outside; this may be a sign of why exactly the scythe is whispering. Personification is prearranged to the scythe with the whispering it does. But the author does not know precisely what the scythe is whispering. This gives Frosts poem reason for the reader to keep reading. And even at the finish of the poem neither the reader nor the author know what the scythe was whispering. If the author was to give us a clear hint on what the scythe was saying, there would be no point to the poem. This is engaging the reader to establish and think outside the box and make their own reason for the scythe to make a sound. Also in the poem there are no clear sounds that reflect. The only sound that is reputable is the sound of the scythe swaying back and forth as the character works. So this gives the reader another reason to keep reading and ponder how the scythe resembles something that is untold. The scythes earnest love may n ot always mean love; it may signify destruction at some points. The reason for this is when the scythe scares off the snake. This is an example of personification because the scythe does not experience real love. It is just an expression on how the author is trying to explain the poem. Mowing, told in first person by Robert Frost, since he does not use his imagination to try to explain situations, stops using his own imagination and goes back to talking about the natural evidence. He is leaving it up to the audience to figure out what the scythe is whispering. The theme exemplified here may be the emotions of love. This love immediately turns into death with the beheading of flowers and scaring the snakes off. But since Frost advises his poems in the aspects of real life and not the aspect of dreams or his imagination, this poem clearly represents his absolute love for nature. Even though he may not be doing what he loves, such as working in the field with a scythe on a scorching hot day, he still enjoys the fact of being outside in Gods creation and glorifying what he sees and encounters. Just as the theme, the mood resembled in Mowing is love. The author wants his audience to enjoy what he is feeling. He wants them to feel what he is feeling and to enjoy what he is enjoying. Such as being out in the hot sun all day and plain out enjoy the creation around them. He is saying enjoy it while it lasts because eventually it will come to an end. The tone the author is trying to express most of all is satisfaction. Even though he is not doing what he really wants to do, he is taking his time into effect and making the better use of it. Also, the author is trying to make his consultation feel guilt or some-what sorry for him because he starting his poem off by saying how there was no sound except for the sound of the scythe swaying back and forth against the hay. There was not even the sound of wind except for what the scythe was making. At the beginning of the poem, the author expresses not necessarily the problems of what he is doing or what is going on around him, but telling what exactly is going on in the poem. The first eight lines is where he expresses himself with that there was lack of sound, with the only sound being the wind of the scythe moving back and forth through the hay. Another thing he complains about is the heat. But at the same time he is praising that he is enjoying nature while in this devastating heat. And at the end of the poem the author is saying that this poem is not a dream but real life. And eventually the authors work is done and it is now time to go home and rest because he is very tired from a hard days work. And left my scythe to make means precisely that. He is done with his work and is going home to rest until the next day when he fills the same routine. Mowing is an exceptional poem that resembles the way we should live our life. Even though life may be hard, keep moving on becaus e at the end of the day, there will be something that you will rejoice and be thankful for. Mowing is a poem that teaches his audience about not giving up and pursuing with what they were meant to do and be thankful that they have the ability to do it. Robert Frosts poetry deals with the art of loving what is set before you and not complaining and most of all, relating it to real life and teaching a lesson.

Importance of Maximising Shareholder Value

Importance of Maximising Shareholder Value Introduction Firms may have different objectives to achieve. However in theory, a firm should set its objectives to increase its value for its owners. Shareholders are the owners of a firm. Therefore according to theory maximising shareholders wealth is the fundamental objective of a firm. (Watson Head -Corporate Finance principles and practice 2007) Investors generally expect to earn satisfactory returns on their investments as they require increasing the value of their investments as much as possible. This is usually determined by dividend payout and or capital gains by increasing the market value of the share price. The managers of the company act on behalf of the investors, such as operating day to day activities and making decisions within the business. In another way they do have the control of the business entity. However, firms may have other objectives to achieve such as maximising of profits, growth and increasing its markets share. When achieving these objectives of a firm, conflicts may arise as a result of ownership and control. Managers may make their decisions on their own interests rather than achieving investors wealth. Discussing the investor related goals as described earlier, in theory behaviour of management should be consistent towards maximising shareholders wealth, enhancing the value of the business (Basely Brigham- Essentials of Managerial Finance).Value of the business is measured by valuing firms price of shares. Its essential to consider maximising of stock prices, and its impact to the investors and the economy as a whole simultaneously. Maximising profits is also an objective of a firm. It is determined by maximising the firms net profits. It is also can be described as a short term objective whilst maximising the value of the company is a long term objective for a firm (Financial Management -Kaplan Publishers 2009). Therefore it is not necessary, maximising profits as maximising shareholders wealth because there are number of potential problems can be occurred adapting to an objective of profit maximisation. It will be discussed in the latter part of the report. Earnings per share (EPS) is one of the main indicators of the firms profitability and it is a broadly used method measuring firms success, as it is determined return to equity in theory (Financial Management Kaplan Publishers 2009).However, EPS doesnt expose the firms wealth since it is determined by using firms net profits. Therefore EPS is also exist the same criticism as profit maximisation above which will be discussing in the later part of the report. During the past ten years have seen a much greater emphasis on investor related goals. The conflict of ownership and control can be recognised as one of the significant causes which were affected investors and the world economy in the past ten years. The corporate scandals such as Enron, Maxwell and World com which occurred recent past had been lost investors confidence towards capital markets. Therefore its essential to consider the ethical behaviour and social responsibilities towards shareholder wealth maximisation simultaneously. It can also be said the institutional investors such as insurance companies and pension funds had also made a significant influence on investor related goals in the recent past. Review of Literature OBJECTIVES OF PROFIT MAXIMISATION According to Watson and Head 2007, whilst individuals manage their own cash flows, the financial manager involves in managing cash flows on behalf of the company, and its owners. In a firm financial management is concerned with taking decisions in three key areas which are financing, investing and dividend policy. Watson and Head also mentioned, shareholders wealth maximisation as the primary objective of the firm and at the same time the existence of other stakeholder groups such as creditors, employees, customers and community are also affected when adapting to a corporate goal. However the firm may adopt one or several objectives in short term whilst its pursued the objective of shareholders wealth maximisation in long term(Basely and Brigham; Essentials of Managerial Finance). Therefore it is essential to be considered the other possible objectives in short term as well as long term simultaneously. Reviewing one of the main objectives of profit maximisation, a classic article of Milton Friedman in the New York Times magazine 1970The social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its profits (Poitras, Geoffrey 1994). Considering classical views of Friedman (1970), Grant (1991), and Danley(1991), Geoffrey analysed the connection between shareholders wealth maximisation and profit maximisation, as an foundation for establishing an ethical analysis for shareholders wealth maximisation. However, Friedman had a moderate view later relating to the concept of profit maximisation towards social responsibilities. (Pradip N Khandwalla, Management paradigms beyond profit maximisation 2004) While there were similarities between these two objectives, Solomon; 1963, chp.2 highlighted the inconsistencies in his classic article (Poitras, Geoffrey 1994). Considering the above views from different authors, Geoffreys suggestion was Even though there are significant consistencies between these two goals, the goal of profit maximisation has designed for the traditional microeconomic environment and for the firms which do not have the conflict of ownership and control. It is also assumed that its applied for the environment where there was no uncertainty and no stock issues( Poitras, Geoffrey, 1994). According to Keown, Martin and Petty, 2008; Lasher 2008; Ross Westerfield, and Jordan; 2008, Managers are encouraged to maximise its current stock prices by the shareholder theory, therefore the criticisms are understandable. This approach determines the existence of agency problem towards incentive schemes, as incentives are rewarded with the continuous growth of share price and leads to an unethical behaviour of managers, towards manipulating the firms current stock prices (Daniel, Heck Shaffer). CONFLICT OF OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL The conflict of ownership and control was first identified by Adam Smith (RBS Review 1937) and he suggested that the Director cannot protect the other peoples money with the same way that he protects his money (Tony Howell; Shareholder ship model versus Stakeholder ship model). Its also mentioned in Tony and Howells article, that the separation of ownership and control make a significant influence for corporate behaviour and its deeply discussed by Berle and Means (1932). But La Porta et al. (1999) argued against Berle and Means, and he suggested its different from the large corporations, because the shareholders of large corporations involved in corporate governance actively where managers are unaccountable (Tony and Howell; shareholder ship model versus Stakeholder ship model). Winch (1971) suggested the goal of profit maximisation is consistent with the ethical theory of utilitarianism whilst allocating resources under different circumstances. (Poitras, Geoffrey 1994). Having considered Winchs suggestion related to the utilitarian theory and profit maximisation, Geoffreys (1994) view was that, inter temporal behaviour is important for firms and efficient investment has a significant affect towards maximising of profits as a result of uncertain future cash flows. It is also discussed the potential conflict of ownership and control. Therefore Geoffrey (1994) suggested the separation of ownership, the decision makers (managers) and owners (shareholders) are involved to the corporate structure. SHAREHOLDERS Vs STAKEHOLDERS Even though most of the economists and authors acknowledge the theory of shareholder wealth maximisation (Berle and Means, 1932; Friedman, 1962), other authors argued the criticisms of shareholder wealth maximisation. They argued that Shareholder Theory encourages the managers to make short term decisions and behave unethically as a result of the influence of the other stakeholders. According to Smith (2003) believed Shareholder theory is prepared to maximise short term objectives at the expense of long term goals (Daniel, Heck Shaffer; Journal of Applied Finance; winter 2008). However Daniel, Heck and Shaffer analysed the reasons for the criticism and the misguidance of the shareholders theory in their article about shareholder theory, How Opponents and Proponents Both Get it Wrong? The misguidance has been occurred as a result of pursuing a long term objective in shareholder theory. Managers should maximise the future cash flows and its important to consider the stakeholders accor dingly (Jensen, 2002; Sundaram and Inkpen, 2004a). According to Freeman (1984) a firm should consider both shareholders and stakeholders when making their business decisions. However Daniel, Heck and Shaffer describes that the stakeholder theory determines the same criticism as short term behaviour but the shareholder theory has got the protection for both shareholders and stakeholders in the long run. Therefore stakeholder theory is not predominant to shareholder theory. Daniel, Heck and Shaffer suggested the expected future cash flows to analyse the above scenario and they argued that its essential to undertake all the positive NPV projects to maximise shareholders wealth analysing towards maximising current stock price. If there was a goal of increasing of current share price, managers who are rewarded by incentives may attempt to boost the stock price of the firm. However Jenson (2005) and Danielson and press (2006) argued the effort to increase or maintain the stock prices by m anagement could be destroyed the long term values of the firm by manipulation, unethical behaviour, delaying NPV positive projects, reducing or not spending on research and development. Jenson has taken Enron as an example for explaining the above scenario. The management of Enron had hidden their debts through off balance sheet activities and by manipulating the company accounts (Daniel, Heck and Shaffer). Therefore Daniel, Heck and Shaffer suggested that its essential to design strategies which are consistent with the objective of increasing future cash flows rather than adopting an objective of increasing of current stock price to maximise the wealth of shareholders. Freeman, Wicks and Parmar (2004) argued that all the recent business scandals are oriented toward ever increasing shareholder value at the expense of other stakeholders (Poitras, Jefforey; 1994) After a number of high profile firms collapsed i:e: Enron, WorldCom and Arthur Anderson in US and Maxwell, Polly Peck, BCCI, Barings bank in UK, its been determined the requirement of a good Corporate Governance (Tony Howell; the shareholder ship model versus stakeholder ship model). According to Tony Howell, Corporate Governance has been growing for the past 25 years and the foundation for Corporate Governance was placed, after the introduction of Cadbury report in 1992 (UK). Omran et. al.2002; Mills, 1998; Fera, 1997 suggested the importance of Corporate Governance as a result of the new entrance of Institutional Investors to Capital markets, Globalisation of Capital markets, increase of Stakeholder and Shareholder expectations(Tony and Howell). Analysis According to financial management theory, its assumed that the fundamental objective for a firm is to maximise shareholders wealth (Watson Head 2007). Analysing the suggestions and arguments towards fundamental objective, it can be seen that not only in theory but also in the real world it is essential to maximise the wealth of shareholder. Analysing the objective of profit maximisation, overriding the classical economics views by Hayek (1960) and Friedman (1970), other authors, Solomon (1963) and Geoffrey (1970) argued about the criticisms associated with the objective of maximisation of profits. The conflict of short term goal of profit maximisation and long term objective of shareholder wealth maximisation can be identified as the main conflict. If a firm adapts to an objective of profit maximisation and the managers are rewarded incentives for achieving it, the agency problem could be arise. Therefore in such a situation managers may take decisions towards their own selfish interests, rather than on shareholders. Achieving their self interest managers may reduce costs by cutting research and development costs, reducing quality control measurements, reduce advertising, using lower quality materials. At the same time the NPV positive projects could also be postponed to reduce their costs to determine more profits in s hort term. Producing low quality products, losing market share, losing customer trust on their products and finally reducing financial performance could be resulted as a result of using low cost strategies. It may lead the business towards insecure stock prices in long run. The other criticism is profit maximisation does not appraise the associated risks. Therefore managers may undertake higher NPV projects to determine higher returns. However higher the required returns, higher the risk (Peter Atrill; Financial Management for Decision Makers, 2008). Investing on risky projects will result future cash flow problems. However, shareholders are assumed as rational investors who provide finance for firms to invest in future projects. As rational investors they require a reasonable return for their investments. Therefore it can be suggested that objective of profit maximising is different from the wealth maximising. Even though shareholder wealth maximisation is the fundamental, firms are not being able to reject the profit perspective goals, because there are stakeholder groups who is interesting about financial activities in a firm. In addition to shareholders, Managers, Employees, Customers, Suppliers, finance providers and the community at large are included in the typical stakeholder group. Therefore its essential to take account of profit maximisation within the firm. As a result of these multiple objectives managers can easily pursue their own interest. In real world, financial statements are used to assess firms performance. However, profits are defined as profit before interest and tax, profit after interest and so on. Therefore the ratio of Earnings per Share is often used instead of profit which is calculated using the net profits and the number of shares issued. Investors usually use EPS as a measurement of valuing stock. EPS is mostly used as it contains of net income of the firm, and it is also used as an indicator measuring firms future cash flows. Although the disadvantage is EPS does not determine shareholders wealth. However, firms value should be determined by the future cash flows and the risk also need to be considered which is associated to the cash flow. However as mentioned earlier, profits does not take account of risks. I:e:Reported profit figures such as Biotechnological companies and other new economy ventures have insignificant relationship on its stock prices (Financial Management -Kaplan Publishers, 2009). Th erefore, in the short term theres an inconsistence between profit maximisation and increase in stock prices in a firm. According to Smith (1937), Berle and Means (1932) and Geoffrey (1994) the separation of ownership is involved the corporate structure. The conflict was mostly seen during the recent past, following the corporate scandals. According to Maria and William in the article of Privatisation and the Rise of Global Capital Markets (Financial Management; winter, 2000) The past years there was significant growth in capital markets valuation, growth in security issuance as a result of the privatisation programmes. The impacts of share issue privatisation are increasing market liquidity, pattern of share ownership (i:e: Individual and institutional investors such as Pension funds and Insurance Companies), and increasing of number of shareholders in many countries. However, globalisation was also affected on firms activities simultaneously. Therefore the firms (i:e: Enron Maxwell), which had poor Corporate Governance had the possibility to involving in unethical activities such as creative accounting and off balance sheet finance(Financial Management, Kaplan Publishers; 2009). At the same time Directors involved in high level of corporate takeover activities, achieving their personal interest such as empire buildi ng, large remuneration packages (Financial Management, Kaplan publishers; 2009). Further analysis of Stakeholder theory and Shareholder theory by different authors, Jenson 2005) and Daniel and Press (2006) argued the criticism of stakeholder theory, whilst Daniel, Heck and Shaffer (2008) and Freeman (1984) argued the importance of both shareholder and stakeholder theory. However, it can be suggested that the stakeholders play a significant role towards increasing shareholders value. As an example to motivate employees of the firm, they should be treated in a good manner by rewarding increments, bonuses and so on. Long term employee satisfaction could drive the firm towards higher performance and the development of the business by increasing higher productivity and better quality of products. Simultaneously, building up a trust among customers and acquire and maintain the industry leadership. At the same time shareholders provide finance for firms for its working capital management and noncurrent assets for its future projects. Therefore it can be seen an inter relationship and importance of shareholders and the other stakeholders. According to Peter Atrill, (Financial Management for Decision makers , 2008)In the early years financial management theory was mainly developed as part of accounting and the suggestions and arguments were based on casual observations rather than theoretical frame work. But after the number of high profile firms collapsed, the requirement of corporate governance occurred. Number of committees met and discussed to improve the Corporate Governance and the main concern was the conflict between shareholders interest and managers. Enron was the seventh largest listed company in US when its collapsed in 2001 as a result of manipulation of financial statements. Its affected to shareholders, more than 20000 employees worldwide, creditors and customers (Janis Sarra; St Johns Law Review ; Enrons Repercussion in Canada). The 11 titled Sarbanes Oxley Act 2002 CONLUSION By analysing the review of literature, it can be suggested that its essential to maximise shareholder value rather than maximising profits alone. However maximising profit is also can be defined as a performance measurement of a healthy business. Extremes of profit maximisation can also be caused unethical behaviour of management towards its shareholders and stakeholders. Although, Earnings per Share inconsistent with the long term value of shareholder, its still can be used as a performance measurement, since its got firms net profit. As a result of recent corporate scandals such as Enron, WorldCom and Arthur Anderson, shareholders and other stakeholder groups had given much emphasis on corporate behaviour. The unethical and illegal behaviour of those high profiled firms were lost investor confidence of capital markets. They identified the importance of Corporate Governance which provides the road map for managers to follow, pursuing different objectives towards the firm (Basley Brigham). At the same time the arrival of Sarbanes Oxley Act 2002 provided investors a much more confidence and strength towards capital markets. However, stakeholders are also important for firms. They are also treated well for the to maintain a Even there are conflicts between stakeholder theory and Shareholder theory, its necessary to balance these two theories. According to Cathy Haywards article (Black hole sums; Financial Management May 2003), during the period of May 2003 the pension funds in US and UK were in a bad condition. According to the assessment of National Association of Pension Funds, there was a drop in UK pension funds by more than 250 million in 2002. Its being told that there were many reasons for the crisis but, the huge drop in stock market during the economic down turn 2000-2003 has mainly been affected. The pensions funds are heavily depend on the dividend payments and the stability of the equity markets, as a result of the drop in share prices the pensions funds struggled to meet their obligations. References Besley Brigham Essentials of Managerial Finance Daniel, Heck Shaffer Journal of Applied Finance; Fall Winter 2008 Shareholder theory, How Opponents and Proponents Both Get it Wrong? Denzil Watson Antony Head Corporate Finance (electronic resource): principles and practice 2007 Management paradigms beyond profit maximisation Colloquium a debate by S K Chakraboty, Verghese Kurien, Jittu Singh, Mrityunjay Athreya, Arun Maira, Anu Aga, and Anil K Gupta. Maria K. Boutchkova William L. Megginson Privatisation and Rise of Global Capital Markets , Financial Management; Winter, 2000, p31-76 Peter Atrill Financial Management for Decision Makers 5th Edition 2008 (electronic resource) Poitras, Geoffrey Share Holder wealth Maximisation, Business ethics and social responsibility, Journal of Business Ethics; feb 1994;13,2;ABI/INFORM Global pg125 Rebecca Stratling The Legitamacy of Corporate Social Responsibility ; Corporate Ownership and Control; Volume 4; Issue 4, Summer 2007 Tony Ike Nwanji, Kerry E. Howell; A review of the two main competing models of Corporate Governance: The Shareholder ship model versus the Stakeholder ship model; Corporate Ownership and Control, Volume 5, Issue 1, Fall 2007

Essay --

Jeffrey Chhim Professor Garth Hall Results Both studies utilized microdialysis probes on rats to obtain dialysates, these were further analyzed through liquid chromatography (LC) and/or mass spectrometry (MS) for the presence of tryptamine derivatives (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT or serotonin) and melatonin (study 1), Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and other molecules (study 2)) in the pineal gland. In the first study, the surgical implantation of microdialysis probe operation was performed on 142 rats with 10% of which deceased during or shortly following surgery before any data can be attained. Of the rats that endured the surgical implantation, another 10% were considered not meet for the study due to the incorrect position of the probes. The second study did not include information about how many rats were utilized and if any had perished during the experimentation process. LC (Study 1) Source [2] Figure 1: Daily summaries of 5-HT (red) and melatonin (yellow) secretion in four categories of rats. In each, the first night represents 24 hours after the probe placement, and each data point represents the extent of recuperation throughout a 10-min interval. Class I (panel A), class II (panel B), class III (panel C), and class IV (panel D), and one representative rat is shown for each class. Horizontal axes signify time of day, and the vertical axes signify the quantity of secretion for every injection. The darken regions signify 01:00–11:00 hours in each panel. Microdialysates of rats were organized into four unique classes based on stable recovery (Panels A-D) refer to Figure 1, each peak height represents the 5-HT secretion during early night as well as the normal daytime secretion with little or no day-to-day variation. Class I (... ...0732/ 161.10735 amu), IAA (176.07061/176.07057 amu), HIAA (192.06552/ 192.06511 amu), TRP (205.09715/205.09711 amu) and HNATA (219.11280/219.11296 amu) identified. Analysis of samples for DMT by precise mass gave 189.13860 amu associated with the calculated exact mass of 189.13866 amu obtained for a DMT reference. DMT was not found in all samples like that of melatonin and HTA. Sources 1. Barker S A, Borjiginm J, Lomnicka I, Straussman R. (2013). Biomedical Chromatography. â€Å"LC/MS/MS analysis of the endogenous dimethyltryptamine hallucinogens, their precursors, and major metabolites in rat pineal gland microdialysate.† DOI 10.1002. 2. Sun X, Liu T, Deng J, Borjigin J. Long-term in vivo pineal microdialysis. Journal Of Pineal Research. [online]. September 2003;35:118-124. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed February 25, 2014.

Evoking Sympathy for Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

Evoking Sympathy for Macbeth      Ã‚   Within Macbeth the tragedy and demise of Macbeth is an important factor in determining his character as a tragic hero.   However in order to elucidate on this point we need to define what is a tragedy.   Aristotle within ‘Poetics’ highlighted what characteristics he believed to define tragedy these being; ’†¦Imitation of an action that is serious and also, as having magnitude, complete in itself...in a dramatic, not narrative form; with incidents arising pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish its catharsis of such emotions’ And immediately we are brought to tragedy and what the concept of a hero is. In Shakespeare's play, Macbeth, the character of Macbeth murders his king, Duncan, for personal motives, there appears to be little subjective reasoning for the murder.   This perhaps encapsulates the notion of an incident which has the potential to arise pity from an audience. The reader begins to pity Macbeth despite the obvious character flaws of greed and corruption.   Shakespeare manipulates the audience to react sympathetically towards Macbeth through the use of Macbeth's actions, dialogue, and passion.   Throughout the story, there is a feeling of animosity toward Macbeth in response to his deleterious actions.   However, scenes revealing Macbeth's more admirable side balance and even abet that negative feeling.   One particular instance where the reader has the potential to feel pity for Macbeth appears in the dialogue immediately before Macbeth decides whether or not to kill King Duncan.   Macbeth is unsure of the morality of the murder.   During much self-deliberation, he agonizes in the monologue, "I am his kinsman and his subject, strong both against the deed" (I.vii.14-15).   While Macbeth contemplates whether murdering Duncan is feasible, Lady Macbeth convinces Macbeth that he would murder Duncan if he were truly brave and masculine.   Lady Macbeth goes on to remark that if he murders Duncan, Macbeth "would be so much more the man" (I.vii.58). A weak Macbeth gives in to his wife's badgering and manipulation and reluctantly agrees to participate in the murder. The audience feels sympathy for an insecure Macbeth as he begins his spiral into ultimate destruction. It appears that without the push of Lady Macbeth the deed would have been unlikely to have taken place.   Another instance in which Macbeth seems weak and pitiable is at the banquet held in his honor.   Before the dinner party begins, Macbeth orders the assassination of his friend Banquo.

The Lack of Communication in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof by Tennessee William

The Lack of Communication in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof by Tennessee Williams Communication is a very important aspect of any type of relationship. There are many themes in the play, Cat On A Hot Tin Roof, by Tennessee Williams, but the major theme is that of isolation and the lack of communication. This type of theme involves many character such as Brick and Margaret. Big Daddy and his oldest son Gooper. And Big Daddy and his youngest son Brick. The entire Pollitt family manifests the theme isolation and lack of communication. An example of this is that Brick throughout the play isolates himself not only from Margaret but from others as well. But Margaret is most noticeable. This is caused by his drinking problem. Margaret tries so hard to get close to him but the lack of respect causes the lack of communication between the two. "I don't have to do anything I don't want to do. You keep forgetting the conditions on which I agreed to stay living with you". This is said by Brick to Margaret after she asked him to sign the gift she bought for Big Daddy's birthday. Another example of this is through lack of communication. Brick no longer wants to under stand Margaret or be understood by her. This is causing the problems for the two and there marriage and Margaret is scared that they will lose the plantation that the might get from Big Daddy's will. Finally Margaret just does not want to let Brick go she loves him, she says "Oh Brick! How long does it have t' go on? This punishment? Haven't I done time enough, haven't I served my term, can't I apply for a-pardon?". She is fed up of pouring her love out to Brick and him not doing anything back. In conclusion Brick is isolating himself from Margaret which is causing their... ... and tell one another there problems. In conclusion, The entire Pollitt family manifests the theme isolation and lack of communication. Through character conflicts such as Brick and Margaret. The in ability to communicate is manifested in the relationship between Brick and Margaret, they have many problems such as there love life. And also through the characters of Gooper and Big Daddy. The lack of communication has broken up a son and father during this play. The relationship between Gooper and Big Daddy is non-existent. Finally, the relationship of Brick and Big Daddy. Brick and Big Daddy love each other and yet they hurt each other deeply. It finally brings about a change between them, they find out the truth about everything such as Big Daddy's cancer. Thus it is evident that the entire Pollitt family manifests the theme isolation and lack of communication.

Ones Socialization

There are many factors that play a major role in our socialization; from military to media. Determining and regulating how much influence they have un us is something we have little control over. My group and I had the opportunity to further expand our knowledge on three patterns; Time Orientation pattern, Social Relations Orientation pattern and Bond†s Moral Discipline. Through this essay I intend to explain how the Social Relations and Time Orientation pattern among other related factors have greatly influenced who I am. The Social Relations Orientation describes how the people in a culture organize themselves and relate to each other. The book asks â€Å"to what extent are some people in the culture considered better or superior to others?† (Lustig& Koester 90). Easy to say that Mexican American†¦ celebrate status differences†( Lustig & Koester 91) based mostly one economic status. It is so unfortunate that a society could stereotype a group of people without considering an important factor such as opportunity. In Mexico most people fall under two categories: â€Å"fresas† & â€Å"nacos†. â€Å"Fresas† can be translated into preppie, and the closest translation I could find for naco would be all those who lack education and class. Growing up I attended mostly private schools, which were made up of all sorts of people, but mostly â€Å"fresas† because they were the ones who could afford it. I remember having a friend called Leyra, she had to be the most stuck up person I had ever met. She was the kind of girl who would always judge the book by its cover, she was the kind of girl who as soon as you walked in the room would check the tags of your clothes to see if they were designer made. Fortunately I had the opportunity to be with her all through highschool, and realize that that was one person I did not want to be like. I learned many things from Leyra, the most important being never to judge a book by its cover rather its content. Education has next to my family been the most important factor in socialization, which was enforced by my family. My family and I strongly believe that as long as you live under their roof they have a say so in what you do or don†t do. My family up until a few years back was responsible for the direction my life was headed. When I lived with my aunt I felt deprived of my freedom, she chose what school I went to and classes I took I am not saying that they were not beneficial, but they were not classes that I chose. I enjoy relating to people as my equals, and address them based on the occasion not their economic status. I see myself as a member of many groups not just one. I have always had a problem belonging to just one group, I believe in having the best of all worlds. I also believe in being nurtured from the past, living in the present and looking forward to the future. Learning to let go is vital to move on, and this is something my culture is bad at. It seems as though there is not enough time in ones day carry out all activities and enjoy life at the same time. One should value time in the past, present and future. In Mexican American cultures â€Å"The day of the dead† which is considered a national holiday is one of the biggest celebrations of the year. We take this time to remember all of the loved ones who cannot be with us. It lets us think about the things we do have in order to not take them for granted. There is such a thing called â€Å"Mexican time†. Mexican time refers to arriving an hour later to what ever event you are going. We usually think well they say to be there at 7:00, but by the time everything is ready it will be 8:00, so if I arrive at 8:00 I†ll e right on time, and I wont loose any time waiting. This has cause me problems. I am always late thinking it is ok. I have been late to important meetings at work, to important classes and to everything else I do. It is embarrassing and something very hard to change. There are always certain things in a culture such as being late that one could do without. I was taught by my family that in life we do not always get our way or do what we want. I was also taught that education will provide one with the most powerful tool in life: Knowledge.

Effective Parenting Styles

Effective Parenting Styles COM/150 Abstract The passion of people’s reactions to questioning parenting styles are just below the nukes of religion and politics in explosive potential. Here we discuss what the basic styles are and what styles most parents tend to fall. We will look at constructive and deconstructive parenting styles as well as see which option tends to be the best. Where do you fall? Is that style the best your family or are you still seeking guidance? Effective Parenting StylesAlthough parenting is a never-ending debate, many parenting styles have been studied to find what elements are constructive and which are destructive. There are roughly four major parenting styles identified when researching effective parenting. Each parenting style can differ and change as children grow older, or change based on each individual child. These groups defined below have a major emotional impact and development impact on a child. Permissive Parenting Permissive parenting can come off to be more of a friend rather than a parent; these parents don’t often discipline their children.Parents who choose to parent their children this way rarely have control over their children and may be lacking self-discipline themselves. Although these parents are still very loving and nurturing to their children, this parenting style may be a bit too laid back to raise an obedient child with self-discipline. Authoritarian Parenting In the authoritarian style of parenting, the parents set strict rules for children to follow and set high demands that these rules are to be obeyed or they be punished end of story.The most common aspect of this authoritarian style of parenting, is the parent neglects to give the child reasoning to the rules they have set, â€Å"Because I’m the father that’s why† is the perfect example of this. Parents in this style don’t feel they need to have to explain reasoning to their children and often come across as an aggressor. Communication between parent and child is non-existent. Authoritative Parenting This parenting style has much in common with the authoritarian style of parenting. The authoritative style parenting is a bit more self-ruled and flexible for each disciplinary incident.The authoritative style has the same set rules and standards as authoritarian, but parents in this style are more expectable to reason with these children and dig deeper into the issue at hand and discuss a resolution then jump straight to discipline. This style does discipline and sticks to the rules, but has more of an emotional and nurturing way of dealing with the issue. Uninvolved Parenting Uninvolved parenting style is just that. Parents of these children have no receptiveness or awareness to their children’s behavior.These parents are disconnected from their children on most emotional levels and just fill the basic living demands of food, water, shelter, etc. There is low to none communication, di scipline, or nurturing between parent and child. In some extreme cases, parents don’t even meet the child’s basic living demands. When it comes to parenting styles we find two major deconstructive styles out of the four listed above, uninvolved parenting and permissive parenting. Children raised with the permissive styles generally experience more problems with school, authority, and are found to have self-esteem issues.This child hasn’t had much authority from parents so they feel that they shouldn’t have to take any from anybody else including the law. This can majorly effect education if the child has no consequence for not finishing homework or sees no reason education and guidance are important to learn. The results of the uninvolved parenting style can lead to children being less competent in adult life, un-successful, have problems dealing with self-control, and also are found to have major self-esteem concerns.Children raised in these environments have little to no control over emotions and actions since proper guidance was never shown to them. These children learn and grow from what they know and seek acceptance from outside sources. Too often enough these children fall into gangs and drugs to seek this acceptance from these groups. Many of these children drop out of school at an early age and suffer from poor reading and writing skills. After reviewing the parenting style definitions above, the most logical and constructive parenting style seems to be the authoritative parent.Numerous studies have been taken on these four parenting styles and have concluded â€Å"Authoritive parenting styles tend to result in children who are happy, capable and successful† (Maccoby, 1992. These studies also show that the Authoritarian parenting styles â€Å"generally lead to children who are obedient and proficient, but they rank lower in happiness, social competence and self-esteem. † (Cherry,  n. d). Giving your children the extra attention and guidance while setting reasonable boundaries seems to be the best fit for parenting. Every parenting style varies.You may have a father who is authoritive, the mother is more permissive; the key to successful parenting is communication and balance as a family. Communicate with your children about why they did what they did. Guide them and show them how it can be done better the next time around, and most of all make sure to make to show your child love and acceptance. Punishment needs to happen like committed as consistency is also very important, but following through with rules and the punishment allows your child to grow and learn from the experience, and to avoid doing them again.Conclusion All children need a good parent with an effective parenting style. Who the child grows up to be is a direct look at who the parent is. References Maccoby, E. E. (1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: An historical overview. Developmental Psycholo gy, 28, 1006-1017. Cherry, K. (n. d). About. com – Education- Psychology. Retrieved from http://psychology. about. com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/parenting-style. htm

And Still We Rise Essay Essay

It is a unique experience to be rendered completely helpless, to be put completely at the mercy of another human being by force. I have felt complete submission of this kind once in my life; I lay on the cold, wet grass, confused, slowly regaining consciousness after being choked out. As I look back on how I have lived my life over the past couple years, this incident is one of the most influential factors. After being so overpowered by another man, I decided that I could never let this kind of thing happen to me again. I became extremely motivated to lift weights, and to learn wrestling and MMA. This experience changed my expectations for myself and helped me realize that it is in my hands to decide how I am perceived. It was a dispute over nothing. Two guys, driven by a natural instinct to fight, finding an excuse to challenge each other. These two guys were me, a scrawny, 100lb 8th grader, and Collin a well built 22 year old. We were sitting around a bon fire with five other friends, but only six fold-out chairs. Collin suggested tap out to decide who got the last chair, and the next thing I remember is the utterly confused feeling as I regained my senses one by one. It was a full minute before I really knew what had happened: unable to break a choke hold, I had refused to tap out and collapsed unconscious on the ground. It is hard to describe the mix of relief and humiliation that I felt as I walked away from the incident. Even though I trusted and respected Collin, he had just proved my vulnerability and made me realize my lack of confidence. I did not, however, accept my defenselessness and move on. I realized that there was no reason for me to have settled for my skinny pathetic build, and I hit the weights. I started lifting six days a week a friend of mine and within three months, had put on fifteen pounds of muscle. A full year later, I weighed 155 and bench pressed over 200lbs. This incident is also one of the main reasons I started wrestling, a sport that I have grown to love and excel in. To complete my self-improvement plan, I took a few MMA classes and got some sparring equipment and a heavy bag to practice on. Since then, I’ve spent hours in my garage letting my anger out on that bag to staying in wrestling shape. Of course I am no were close to my vision for myself, still only 5’ 8†, and well below my goal of muscular development, but I can see that it is possible. This whole process has taught me that I am I control of my own destiny. Any goal is attainable if you work for it, and what doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. This event was not the only factor contributing to my decision to change, I hated being skinny. It was however an incredible catalyst, giving me a specific reason around which to focus my efforts. It made me realize that you are born with no restrictions. No matter what your natural conditions are, they can be changed and formed to fit your ideals. Furthermore, it’s up to you to change them and the effort you put in will be directly reflected in your outcome. This experience brought to light that, when I have a goal in mind, I am incredibly motivated and focused. It has shown that I can maintain interest in a goal and continually set the bar higher and higher. This experience has changed the way I perceive and carry myself. It has shaped me into someone who is comfortable with their abilities and willing to work to improve themselves. It has shown my ability to let setbacks help me grow and demonstrated my strong self motivation. Ultimately, I am very thankful for Collin and what he did for me, in a sense, being completely helpless has been one of the most empowering situations of my life so far.

Customer Satifaction

Chapter I I. Introduction The findings of this research are mostly useful to those (managers and crews) who intend to give customer satisfaction. The research indicates the most important aspects to give 100% customer satisfaction that will benefit customers and the company as well. In the past few years significant growth has been noticed on Jollibee Foods Corporation. It has been proved that Jollibee Foods Corporation is the fastest and the largest growing company in the industry of fast food chain. Jollibee also operates branches in different countries wherein they focused and value the culture of the countries they are located in.This thesis focused on how Jollibee Foods Corporation managed to keep the good relation with the customer and how to keep them satisfied on every visit. II. Background of the study The Jollibee Foods Corporation  rose from humble beginnings to be the leading fast food chains in the Philippines. In 1975 it used to be an ice-cream parlor serving hot meal s and sandwiches. With the coming of foreign franchise, Jollibee experimented with hamburgers until it came up with a recipe geared for a definitely Filipino flavor.The company’s rapid growth is attributed to its creative and innovative marketing programs, its dedication to research to continuously come up with products that will appeal to the Filipino palate and consistent staff training to provide product knowledge and quality service. Jollibee’s growth is due to its delicious menu line-up – like its superior-tasting Chickenjoy, mouth-watering Yumburger and Champ hamburger, and deliciously satisfying Jollibee Spaghetti -ably complemented with creative marketing programs, and efficient manufacturing and logistics facilities.It is made possible by well-trained teams that work in a culture of integrity and humility, fun and family-like. Every Jollibee outlet welcomes customers with a clean and warm in-store environment and friendly and efficient service. And it i s this tried and tested formula of delivering great-tasting food, adherence to world class operating standards and the universal appeal of the family values the brand represents that are driving the expansion of Jollibee both locally and in the overseas market.This study was conducted to investigate all aspects of Customer satisfaction of the Jollibee Foods Corporation as perceived by the Management team. III. Theoretical Framework According to the management team and staff of Jollibee Foods Corporation they are following standard rules of the company on how to give good quality on every product they are serving because for them patrons are really important to the company so they should always give the best for them. Also, management team and crew members are well trained on how to handle customers from different walks of life, so when problem arise it is well taken care off.We all know that Jollibee Foods Corporation is a well known company because it is affordable and delicious fo ods patronized not only by the kids but the adults as well. They are keeping their good company image with a tag line of â€Å"Sa Jollibee beeda ang saya† that surely pertains on how to keep every customer satisfied on every visit. IV. Conceptual Framework The figures shown are the main factors on how to achieve customer satisfaction based on the problems en countered by the Jollibee foods Corporation. V. Statement of the ProblemGeneral Problem The purpose of this study is to how to keep the customer satisfaction of Jollibee Foods Corporation. The study intends to fill such weaknesses in the proponents found. 1. Availability of the product. 2. How to handle customer. 3. Quality of the product served. 4. Cleanliness and condition of the store VI. Null Hypothesis The study shows that there is no relevance between the social status of the customer and the way they communicate and react with the services given by the company. Significance of the studyThis study will be as a pract ical guideline for the company, especially the front liner department (counter and dining staff). The outcome of this study will develop the service quality of the front liner staff in order to meet with the customers & needs and their satisfaction. If the result showed the high score, the owner would be happy with the service. In contrast, if the result showed the low score, the owner would improve the service and arrange training program. Chapter II A. Related Literature 1. Foreign LiteratureSome trace the modern history of fast food in America to July 7, 1912, with the opening of a fast food restaurant called the  Automat  in New York. The Automat was a cafeteria with its prepared foods behind small glass windows and coin-operated slots. Joseph Horn and Frank Hardart had already opened the first  Horn & Hardart  Automat in Philadelphia in 1902, but their â€Å"Automat† at Broadway and 13th Street, in New York City, created a sensation. Numerous Automat restaurants were built around the country to deal with the demand.Automats  remained extremely popular throughout the 1920s and 1930s. The company also popularized the notion of â€Å"take-out† food, with their slogan â€Å"Less work for Mother†. Some historians and secondary school textbooks concur that  A&W, which opened in 1919 and began franchising in 1921, was the first fast food restaurant (E. Tavares). Thus, the  American  company  White Castle  is generally credited with opening the second fast-food outlet in  Wichita, Kansas  in 1921, selling hamburgers for five cents apiece from its inception and spawning numerous competitors and emulators.What is certain, however, is that White Castle made the first significant effort to standardize the food production in, look of, and operation of fast-food hamburger restaurants. William Ingram's and Walter Anderson's White Castle System created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and ot her supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multistate hamburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and even developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chain's prefabricated restaurant buildings.The McDonalds' Speedee Service System and, much later, Ray Kroc's McDonald's outlets and Hamburger University all built on principles, systems and practices that White Castle had already established between 1923 and 1932. The  hamburger  restaurant most associated by the public with the term â€Å"fast food† was created by two brothers originally from  Nashua, New Hampshire. Richard and Maurice McDonald  opened a  barbecue  drive-in  in 1940 in the city of  San Bernardino, California.After discovering that most of their profits came from hamburgers, the brothers closed their restaurant for three months and reopened it in 1948 as a walk-up stand offering a simple menu of hamb urgers,french fries,  shakes,  coffee, and  Coca-Cola, served in disposable paper wrapping. As a result, they could produce hamburgers and fries constantly, without waiting for customer orders, and could serve them immediately; hamburgers cost 15 cents, about half the price at a typical  diner. Their streamlined production method, which they named the â€Å"Speedee Service System† was influenced by the  production line  innovations of  Henry Ford.By 1954, The McDonald brothers' stand was restaurant equipment manufacturer  Prince Castle's biggest purchaser of milkshake blending machines. Prince Castle salesman  Ray Kroc  traveled to California to discover why the company had purchased almost a dozen of the units as opposed to the normal one or two found in most restaurants of the time. Enticed by the success of the McDonald's concept, Kroc signed a franchise agreement with the brothers and began opening McDonald's restaurants in Illinois. By 1961, Kroc had bought out the brothers and created what is now the modern  McDonald's Corporation.One of the major parts of his business plan was to promote cleanliness of his restaurants to growing groups of Americans that had become aware of food safety issues. As part of his commitment to cleanliness, Kroc often took part in cleaning his own  Des Plaines, Illinois  outlet by hosing down the garbage cans and scraping gum off the cement. Another concept Kroc added was great swaths of glass which enabled the customer to view the food preparation, a practice still found in chains such as  Krispy Kreme.A clean atmosphere was only part of Kroc's grander plan which separated McDonald's from the rest of the competition and attributes to their great success. Kroc envisioned making his restaurants appeal to suburban families. At roughly the same time as Kroc was conceiving what eventually became McDonald's Corporation, two Miami, Florida businessmen, James McLamore and David Edgerton, opened a fr anchise of the predecessor to what is now the international fast food restaurant chain  Burger King.McLamore had visited the original McDonald's hamburger stand belonging to the McDonald brothers; sensing potential in their innovative  assembly line-based production system, he decided he wanted to open a similar operation of his own. The two partners eventually decided to invest their money in  Jacksonville, Florida-based Insta-Burger King. Originally opened in 1953, the founders and owners of the chain, Kieth J. Kramer and his wife's uncle Matthew Burns, opened their first stores around a piece of equipment known as the Insta-Broiler.The Insta-Broiler oven proved so successful at cooking burgers, they required all of their franchises to carry the device. By 1959 McLamore and Edgarton were operating several locations within the  Miami-Dade  area and were growing at a fast clip. Despite the success of their operation, the partners discovered that the design of the insta-bro iler made the unit's heating elements prone to degradation from the drippings of the beef patties. The pair eventually created a mechanized gas grill that avoided the problems by changing the way the meat patties were cooked in the unit.After the original company began to falter in 1959, it was purchased by McLamore and Edgerton who renamed the company Burger King. While fast food restaurants usually have a seating area in which customers can eat the food on the premises, orders are designed to be  taken away, and traditional table service is rare. Orders are generally taken and paid for at a wide counter, with the customer waiting by the counter for a tray or container for their food. A â€Å"drive-through† service can allow customers to order and pick up food from their cars.Nearly from its inception, fast food has been designed to be eaten â€Å"on the go† and often does not require traditional  cutlery  and is eaten as a finger food. Common menu items at fast food outlets include  fish and chips,  sandwiches,  pitas,  hamburgers,  fried chicken,  french fries,  chicken nuggets,  tacos,  pizza, and  ice cream, although many fast food restaurants offer â€Å"slower† foods like  chili, mashed  potatoes, and  salads. 2. Local Literature The first  fast food  outlets were really the neighborhood stalls selling rice and cooked dishes. These  stores  were and are called â€Å"turo turo†, literally point-point.It is highly possible that a chain of these stores, owned by an enterprising housewife, could have 2 or more locations within the same vicinity, manned by a sister or any member of the family. Technically, that will be a chain of fast food outlets. If you mean Western-menu chains, KFC opened in 1967. In 1975 Mr. Tony Tan and his family opens a Magnolia Ice cream parlor at Cubao. This is later to become the 1st Jollibee Outlet. Brown Derby had up to 3 branches of a burger-and-shakes operation in the postwar period but that has dwindled to a lone takeout stand near the QC-Manila boundary.For ice cream confections, you'll have to look into the history of Magnolia, Selecta (the original) and DQ. But if you also include Chinese restaurants that served porridge, noodle soup and steamed buns fast (as well as an oniony burger sandwich), the history of Ma Mon Luk, Charlie Wanton and Kowloon House might interest you. B. Related Studies 1. Foreign Studies Through the years, McDonald's remained the world's top quick service restaurant. With more than 33,000 branches in more than 120 countries around the globe, McDonald's has served billions of customers since its first restaurant in 1955.McDonald's history began even before the onset of the Second world war when brothers Dick and Mac McDonald started a drive-in restaurant business in Riverside California. Their menu was composed simply of 10-cent hamburgers and other drive-in products. After the war, the brothers opened a new type of restaurant in San Bernardino, California, where a little hamburger man called â€Å"Speedee† became the company's symbol Dick's and Mac's endeavors proved so successful that other operators sought out franchises from them.In 1954 Ray Kroc exclusive sales distributor for Multimixer intrigued by the brother's â€Å"Speedee System† visited the latter in San Bernardino, Upon his return to Chicago, Kroc obtained the exclusive licensing rights to the brothers system and had become heir National Franchise Agent in April of the same year construction began on the first restaurant in what was called the Mcdonald's System Inc. The famous Golden Arches arrived in the Philippines in 1981 when George T. Yang president of McGeorge Food Industries was awarded franchising privilege in the country by McDonald's international.The first store opened in the busy university area of Morayta while the second was established in the prime commercial area of Cubao beside New Frontier Theate r. And now as they say, the rest is history. With the desire of providing Filipino customers with high quality food and service that meet global standards, George T. Yang, opened the first McDonald's store along Morayta, Manila in 1981. Since then, McDonald's has introduced so many innovations that captured the hearts of the Filipinos. It was McDonald's who first offered the Value Meals and the Happy Meal. It was McDonald's who first provided employment opportunities for students.And it was McDonald's who first played an active role in helping out in the community through McDonald's Charities. These and so many other â€Å"firsts† are the reasons for McDonald's phenomenal growth! Today, with Kenneth S. Yang at the helm, McDonald's is now a multi-billion-peso company with almost 274 stores nationwide! And still counting! 2. Local Studies Who would have guessed that a giant cartoon bee character could become the national symbol for delicious, affordable and fast food in the Phi lippines? Well, that’s what  began in 1975  when Tony Tan Caktiong opened an ice cream shop in Cubao, Quezon City.The results of his efforts has been nothing short of phenomenal. Though  Jollibee began as an  ice  cream parlor, it was the move to diversify to more types of food like hamburgers  that really put  them on the map. In every major area in the Philippines, one can count on multiple Jollibee’s being around, ready to serve you a Yumburger, ChickenJoy, or your own personal favorite. In less than 10 years, in 1984, Jollibee reached the 500 million piso sales milestone. Another 5 years later in 1989, Jollibee accomplished another amazing feat – reaching the 1  billion  piso sales mark – and being the first fast food chain in the Phlippines to do so.Other notable accomplishments include becoming   part of the top 100 corporations in the Philippines in 1987, and becoming the first food service company to be listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange. The prestigious award of â€Å"World Entreprenuer of the Year† was given to founder Tony Tan Caktiong in 2004 for the inspiring work he’s done. Additionally, the Far Eastern Economic Review  has judged  Jollibee as â€Å"The Most Admired Company† in the Philippines  over  the last 6 years. What’s the secret to the success of Jollibee? Is it the creative marketing and unique branding they’ve pioneered in the the realm of fast food?Is it the focus on traditional Filipino culture and the fact that they try to still seem a â€Å"local favorite† despite the fact that they’re the nation’s most prevalent restaurant? I’d say it’s a combination of all these things and more. Jollibee has indeed revolutionized the fast food industry in the Philippines. Today they satisfy the apetites of Filipinos everywhere with  600 stores in the Philippines and over 30 international stores. C. Hypothesis Summary of Study This study shown the problems encountered in Jollibee Foods Corporation and the problems they usually encounter when it comes to customer satisfaction.According to the research Jollibee usually encountered irate customers especially if they have to wait for the product they ordered. Most of the customers are not willing to wait for the said product and end up on canceling the order. The management team has brought up solution to this problem. They have established answers to the problems they are encountering and ensure that these problems are well taken care of. Specifically the study will attempt to answer the following: 1. How do the respondents’ profile be described in terms of: 1. Quality of food served 2. Quality of the service given by the management and crew . Cleanliness and condition of the store 4. Age 5. Gender 6. Civil Status 7. Educational Attainment 8. Economical Status 9. Religion 1. What problems are being encountered by the respondents? 2. What sugg estions are offered by the respondents to improve the services given by the company? Chapter III Research Methodology and Procedure This chapter will present detailed idea about the research will be conducted. This includes the purpose of the research, data collection method. Data Gathering Procedure There are two major approaches to gathering information about a situation, person problem or phenomenon.Sometimes, information required is already available and only need to be extracted. However there are times when the information must be collected. Based upon these broad approaches to information gathering data are categorized as: Secondary data and Primary data. Secondary data are collected from secondary sources such as govt. publications, personal records, and primary data are collected through: observation, interviews and/or questionnaires. Data collection procedure in qualitative research involved three basic types: Observations, Interviews, and Documents. In this study quantita tive survey is used as data collection method.Since the aim of the study is classifying service quality dimensions in dining experience from the customers’ point of view, the main focus thus is customer. A questionnaire was prepared to get idea about the customer’s experiences in dine-in. About 10 persons out of 15 users replied. A survey is a procedure used to collection primary data from individuals. The data sought can range from beliefs, opinions, attitudes and lifestyles to general background information on individuals such as gender, age, education and income as well as customers point of view in dinning experience.Surveys are used when the research involves collecting information from a number of individuals The questionnaire was developed based on research question and frame of reference. The logical structure of questionnaire followed the order of service quality dimension in the frame of reference. For understanding the importance and satisfaction of each ser vice quality dimension a 5 scale was used ( 5= very satisfied, 4= satisfied, 3= neutral, 2= poor, 1= very poor). Frequency & Percentage of distribution of respondents in terms of over all rating on dinning experience Over all rating |Frequency |Percentage | |Very Satisfied |6 |60 | |Satisfied |1 |10 | |Neutral |1 |10 | |Poor |2 |20 | |Very Poor |0 |0 | |Total |10 |100 |