Power And Culture Within Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Power And Culture Within Organisations - Essay Example According to Edgar Schein (1985), organizational culture is that pattern of basic assumptions that are shared, and that a group learns in its endeavour to solve problems of internal integration and external adaptation. Further, these shared assumptions should have well worked in the past and are therefore qualify to be taught to the organization’s new members as a right way to think, perceive and feel with respect to these problems. These values and norms are the ones that control the way people act and interact with one another and with people outside the organization including other stakeholders. In the actual sense, an organization’s culture is actually its personality according to McNamara (2000). In this sense, different organizations have different organizational cultures more like people have different personalities. An organization may have a weak or strong culture generally (Parker, 2000). A strong culture exists where members of staff respond to stimulus as a result of their respect and appreciation for organizational values. In such a case, people tend to act in a given way since they believe that is the right way to act. A weak culture on the other hand is in place when staff members have little commitment to the organization’s values and therefore must be controlled through the application of bureaucracy and/or extensive procedures. According to Kennedy and Deal (1982), organizational culture is the way things are â€Å"here† done. In one of their research, the two measured organizations using two parameters – risk or uncertainty and feedback or response. According to the findings of this study, Kennedy and Deal noted that organizations may be distinctly classified into four with respected to culture. The four cultures include the process culture, the bet your company culture, the play hard/work hard culture, and the tough-guy macho culture. The process

Editorial Overview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Editorial Overview - Essay Example Likewise, there is a need to check on sentences that were too long and which necessitate the use of appropriate punctuation marks. As such, the author is recommended to go through the manuscript in greater detail to make the necessary proofreading and corrections, as deemed necessary, prior to final submission and publication. In addition, the content needs to be revised in terms of reliability and accuracy of the information that were presented. For instance, in the prologue, as Detective Inspector Richard Moore was noted to remove the dead man’s possession, one of the items mentioned was â€Å"a thick silver wrist wetch (check spelling, should be watch), a birthday present from his wife† (Attached Fiction Essay par. 1). The author should add more details to explain how he knew that the watch was a present from the dead man’s wife (for instance, viewing from the inscriptions at the back of the watch). Overall, the manuscript was well-written and could be considered for publication after addressing the points and issues that were above

CITY BUDGET ANALYSIS OF AVALON, CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CITY BUDGET ANALYSIS OF AVALON, CA - Essay Example 7.3 km of which (2.8 mi) is land and 0.9 km (0.3 mi) of the area (10.48%) is water (U.S. Census Bureau 2000). The process of preparing and presenting a budget for approval and adoption by the Council administration takes various steps. A proper estimate of the available resources with the estimated amounts and the purposes for which the funds are to be deployed effectively are the main considerations for the preparation of any budget. The formal budgetary process encompasses a structure involving the following essential components: The complexity of the budget review process depends on the size of the council for which the budget is being prepared. In some cases the budget responsibilities would be assigned to a chief executive officer for reviewing the requests and present them to the elected board for approval. When the unit is large there may be a separate budget office functioning within the council. In even larger City councils apart from the review by the budgetary office departmental budgets would be prepared and reviewed for appropriate provisions in respect of the individual departments. In the case of the City of Avalon, the City Manager and his office will be responsible for the preparation and presentation of the budget for the approval of the elected council members. Being a small town, there is no necessity to follow an elaborate budgetary process. The process broadly will follow the procedure outlined above and will be reviewed by the elected council members themselves for approval and adoption. 3.0 Strategic Goals and Key Performance Indicators: The administration of the City Councils has become the function of the elected representatives as well as the appointed officials who have to operate in unison with each other's ideas. If they start to function in tangential directions, it will be detrimental to the well being of the city dwellers, as no welfare measures can be undertaken without the concerted action of both these bodies. In order that the mission, vision and value of the city can be accomplished in all intent it is important to adopt certain strategic planning measures encompassing the performance of the city council or the county board as the case may be. Like in any other profit centered organization, the strategic planning helps setting the direction of the council and with the set directions, the elected street-level bureaucrats are motivated to perform at their best efficiency levels to organize the functions and activities of the Council in the direction of the welfare of the people of the City. Establishment of long-term objectives and goals are an essential pre-requisite of any strategic planning. Once the broader goals are established it becomes easier to break down them into smaller performance targets to be achieved by the appointed officials and the representatives. Just as in the case of private organizations strategic goals in respect of

Library Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Library Research - Essay Example Students find it imperative to find information that is scholarly as well as peer-reviewed like the journal articles. In addition, there are other sources of information which are non-reviewed such as Wikipedia that might be helpful for background, although these sources contain information which frequently lack depth and may exhibit a lot of errors (Jay, 1983). Nonetheless, the North Central Library contains extensive holdings in any field, and with the assistance of the librarians, students are capable of finding any information they require. The Activity Resources found in this library contains information literary which helps the students in familiarizing themselves with information literacy, while at the same time testing their information literacy skills. Apart from that, the searching library provides a wealth of databases, which is helpful when looking for scholarly information, as well as tutorials on the usage of these databases. The library also provides a chance for stude nts to develop into experts in particular areas. On the other hand, library can also help students’ exhibit expertise through a certain projects. This can be in regardless of whether the student is going into the program and having an interest in a particular

Leadership And Management In Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership And Management In Organization - Essay Example Management, like leadership, is ethically neutral (Charan et al 2001). I understand that managers mobilize and allocate resources; they staff and ensure the continuing vitality of the team; they create and maintain appropriate procedures. They also direct, delegate, and coordinate, and they provide a system of incentives to motivate and encourage productive behavior. Managers also establish reporting systems, perform evaluations, and assign accountability. Common to both managers and leaders is the focus on the results they produce, which are based on the goals they pursue (Hoyle and Wilmore 2002). I would like to research the relations between leadership and managerial success as measured by achievement, not by the process used to accomplish the results. The research will benefit my personal communication skills and will help me to deal with difficult managerial situations in my job. Based on this results-oriented philosophy of management, the new definition of management focuses on outcome Remember that managerial performance is not judged entirely in terms of success or failure. Rather, performance is measured in terms of progress in relation to the goal. The focus is on lessons learned, and learning is a core value (Cole, 2005). In this sense, success becomes a journey, rather than a destination. We cannot produce positive results every time.

Biomechanics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biomechanics - Case Study Example However the forces are greatest at posterolateral bundle at fullest extension. The posterolateral bundle withstands more force than the anterolateral bundles. Most common cause of ACL injury is due to non contact deccelatory forces involving lateral bending of the knee to a valgus position causing extension of the knee and rotation of the tibia(Boden et al, 2009)(Giuliani et al , 2009). Immediately after the tear of the ACL or inury to the ACL she should be asked to take rest so as to prevent further movement which can cause wear and tear. Ice should be applied every 15- 20 minutes and compression should be provided on the affected portion. Finally the injured knee should be elevated above the heart level in order to reduce the swelling and reduce episodes of pain (Benjaminse et al, 2006). Kinematic research has revealed that the quadriceps contraction is responsible for the greatest strain on the ACL graft between 10 degree and 45 degree of flexion. The ACL graft is devoid of the normal mechanoreceptors and may not provide biofeedback like in the uninjured knee. These factors are to be considered for the long term rehabilitation programs. The overall aim for the long term rehabilitation is to restore the joint anatomy, provide static and dynamic stability to the joint, maintain aerobic and psychological conditioning and ultimately aim this athlete to easy return to sporting activity. For this a four step approach is followed. In the first phase comprising one or two weeks the aim of therapy is to reduce the pain and inflammation and increase the range of motion of the knee. A postoperative brace is used ranging 30 degree to 90 degree till there is adequate quadriceps control. Physiotherapy is to be provided with the emphasis to static contractions of hamstrings and c o-contractions for the hamstrings and the quadriceps. Partial

Protein Content in Milk and Soya Milk Essay Example for Free

Protein Content in Milk and Soya Milk Essay Casein is a kind of protein content in regular milk and soya milk. A slimmer would like to know the protein content in soya milk and milk so that he can decide his diet program. In this test our control are amount of milk and soya milk, temperature. Independent variable is the types of milk and soya milk, dependent variable is the protein content in those two types of beverages. Aim: Measure the protein content (casein) in milk and soya milk by using the method of hydrolysis Hypothesis: The result of this test will be the protein content in milk is higher that soya milk. On the nutrition panel from soya milk we see that 5. 67g of protein per 100g and compare with 8. 35g in milk. Variables: Independent variable: types of milk and soya milk Dependent variable: protein content Control: amount of milk and soya milk (125ml per type), temperature (25 degree), time (stirring time about 90 second) Apparatus * (125ml milk and soya milk) X 2 * Dilute acid 10ml * Cheese cloth (filter) X 4 * Hair dryer * Water bath ( 25 degree) * Bunsen burner * Solid magnesium sulfate X 2 * Balance * 150 ml beaker X4 * Glass rod * Tripod * Heat proof net * Heat proof mat Procedure 1. Collect protein content from milk and soya milk with a amount of 125ml 2. Weight the mass of the milk with a balance 3. Leave the soya milk on the side on the bench and pour 125 ml of milk in to a 150ml beaker 4. Warm the milk to 25 degree by the water bath for 2mins 5. Remove it away from the water bath then add 10 ml of dilute acid and stir continuously with a glass rod for about 90 second 6. After stirring let it settle for 5 minutes in order to precipitate protein out of the milk 7. By using the cheese cloth separate precipitate from water and carefully run through water to rinse off the acid 8. Squeeze the protein content in the cheese cloth carefully in order to remove as much extra liquid as possible, and dry it with a hair dryer ( remember don’t over heat) 9. While waiting for the protein content to dry get the soya milk you have prepared and weight it mass 10. Set up a Bunsen burner with a trip opened and place a tripod on top of it with a heat proof net 11. Heat up the soya milk till it is boiled. (during this procedure instead of walking away from it, you should pay attention on the progess) 12. Remove it away from Bunsen burner immediately so that it won’t overthrown and stir in a solid magnesium sulfate. 13. Wait for the soya milk cool down on a heat proof mat with the room temperature 14. Filter the precipitate through cheese cloth, run water through the protein as a control 15. Squeeze the protein content in the cheese cloth remove as much extra liquid as possible, and let it cool down in room temperature Results Soya milk’s protein content(g) Milk’s protein content(g) First trial 3. 13g 20. 14g Second trial 2. 98g 20. 98g Average 3. 06g 20. 56g The average of soya milk’s result of 3. 13g and 2. 98g is 3. 06g The average of milk’s result of 20. 14g and 20. 98g is 20. 56g. Due to using electronic balance a error is occurred, the balance can measure 0. 1g. Therefore, +/- 0. 05g Conclusion: The above result from my test has met the hypothesis. Before setting up the milk and soya milk I wrote down the nutrition information form the panel of two types of milk. Regular milk have the similar protein content as soya milk has, but through the test I found the truth isn’t the same as what the panel had wrote. Soya milk have a smaller amount of protein content compare with regular milk has, which it clearly define which regular milk is much fatter for a person who want to loss weight. The difference is about 74. 8 percent per 125ml. The nutrition panel from soya milk has match with the result of my test which is similar, but on the other hand milk have a big different with what it has label on the nutrition panel. Which proven that the nutrition panel on milk is wrong. Evaluation: Throughout the test there are few errors occurred, during the process of squeezing the extra liquid from milk’s and soya milk’s protein content we might squeeze away part of the protein content due to our careless. Also, running through water we might wash away protein content. But why can we use the same method on two types of milk.