Heaneys Poem Follower Essay -- Heaney Follower Essays

Heaneys Poem FollowerFollower is a poem about the poets love and wonderment for his render.It is also about the changes that occur between father and children aschildren move out from their parents shadow.In the first half of the poem the poet draws a vivid portrait of hisfather as he ploughs a field. The poet, as a young boy, follows hisfather as he goes about his work and, kindred most boys, he idolises hisfather and admires his great skill, An expert. He would set the wingand fit the bright steel pointed sock.In the poem, Heaney looks up to his father in a physical sense,because he is so much smaller than his father, but he also looks up tohim in a metaphorical sense. This is made resolve by the poets carefulchoice of words. An example of this is in the lines, His eye narrowedand angled at the ground, mapping the chamfers exactly. These wordseffectively suggests his fathers skill and precision. We are alsotold that young Heaney stumbled in his hob nailed wake, whichbrings t o our mind a picture of the ploughmans heavy boots, thecarefully ploughed furrow and the childs clumsy enthusiasm.The poet uses onomatopoeic words to capture the details of his fatheras he works the plough. At the end of the first stanza he describeshim leading the team of plough-horses, instructing them with hisclicking tongue. In the second stanza his father guides the horseswith a single pluck Of Rains. It is interesting that theonomatopoeia here emphasises the great skill with which the poetsfather controls and guides his horses. It shows again his expertiseand ease with the animals as he ploughs the field into furrowed lines.In the second half of the poem, the focus shifts... ... burst shows growth and reproduction. Heaneys schoolteacher, Ms Walls, is hiding the reality of reproduction from theyoung children as they are not yet ready to accept the reality of thesituation. He is disgusted at the public opinion of reproduction because he call fors things through the surrealisti c eyes of a child because of thestage he is at. He isnt ready to accept sex. He cant rationalise.Puberty makes him odor guilty. In the end he runs away, I sickened,turned and ran, which shows that he has not fully grown up.In this poem, Heaney uses terms we do not expect to see in poetry, andpresents nature as the very opposite of beautiful. Heaney shows howchildren are very ingenuous and nave and see the world as being very smooth and wholesome just as it is in their imagination. He also showsthat there is a transformation from childhood to adult hood.

Vagal Nerve Stimulation and Epilepsy :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Vagal Nerve Stimulation and Epilepsy Epilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by seizures which occur when neurons fire uncontrollably and chaotically. The quatern most common categories of seizures are simple partial, complex partial, secondary generalized tonic-clonic, and generalized tonic-clonic. A partial seizure is one in which epileptic bodily function stays in a focused area of the brain. During a simple partial seizure, the enduring maintains full consciousness and experiences hallucinations, illusions and/or muscle jerking. A patient experiencing a complex partial seizure has impaired consciousness and often makes automated movements. A generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizure is characterized by complete loss of consciousness, throbbing jerking, and a period of unresponsiveness. A secondary generalized tonic-clonic (SGTC) seizure is one in which the epileptic activity of a partial seizure spreads to the entire brain, resulting in a generalized seizure.(3). Epilepsy h as a variety of different pathologies. These include genetic factors, poisoning, and brain injury. High levels of excitatory neurotransmitters, low levels of inhibitory neurotransmitters, and abnormal wiring are all thought to be causes of seizures. Possibly, abnormalities in the cell membrane play a part in causing seizures. (3). This makes sense since the cell membrane basically controls the polarization of the cell, which in turn controls the activation of signaling between cells. Often, seizures are caused by a deficiency of GABA, a neurotransmitter which inhibits the passing of information from one neuron to another. (1). Seizures which are caused by lack of inhibitor could, in a way, be likened to the example of a chicken which runs around for some time after its head is turn up off. The spastic wild activity of the chicken is due to the fact that the inhibitory neurons are all in the head, which was removed. There is nothing to control the excitatory neurons. Similarly, wit hout seemly inhibiting GABA, many neurons send signals all at once, and there is nothing to stop them. One of the more recent forms of treatment for epilepsy is called Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS). The starting line VNS device was implanted into a human in 1988. ((2).) The vagus nerve is a cranial nerve controlling muscles involved with swallowing, speaking and coughing. The nerve is to a fault involved with receiving input from and sending information about the heart, stomach and lungs to the brain. (6). The Vagus Nerve Stimulator is a small generator which sends electrical activity to the brain to balk seizures. (5).

The Use of Series in The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler Essay -- sleep

The Use of Series in The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler   In The Big Sleep, Raymond Chandler writes items in a series in almost every paragraph that does not include dialogue, occasions, in the text where Marlowe watches the other character do something like open and close a book or light a cigarette and flick the ash into a tray. When Chandler stops the dialogue to creates a space for Marlowe to record elements in the environment, he constructs sentences that indicate how Marlowe assimilates the information characters perform three or more acts successively and Marlowe notices every movement, recording it at once. Therefore, Chandler builds sentences that contain as many separate actions as possible to shine how fast the character performs the act, rather than isolate single actions in single sentences that break the action up. Specifically, Chandler builds sentences with items in a series to reflect continuous motion and mimic the way Marlowe perceives it. Series are economical and fast, pointing to the movement of the character and the way Marlowe thinks.   The series occur in paragraphs Marlowe narrates, sections before or after dialogue when Marlowe establishes the scope of the shooting or moves the scene along. Chandler uses the construction when he describes the principal action in a scene. For example, chapter 17 opens with a paragraph that includes this sentence The boy swung the car over to the box hedge in front of Geigers house, killed the motor and sat looking straight before him with both hand on the wheel (99). In the paragraph, Chandler describes the inert environment with one compound sentence and two simple sentences. None of them contain a series. The sentence that ... ...es the scene correctly and as quickly as Marlowe sees it.   Chandler does not want to write a text that reminds the reader it is a text. Instead he wants to imitate reality. He wants the reader to follow Marlowe, look over his should er, and maintain a constant, attached point-of-view shot of the action. For this reason, Chandler uses series to simulate the rhythm and speed of real action. When a generator like Chandler omits words and replaces them with commas, ands, and ors, he makes the sentence concise and speedy. When one reads such a text, she understands two things about the scene how the character moves and how Marlowe perceives the movement. Chandler is sensitive to the relationship amongst the text, the reader, reality. So he creates a text that mimics real movement and real thinking. He uses series to carry the reader through the text.

Adolescent Drug Abuse :: Drug Abuse, Substance Abuse

Adolescent Drug AbuseTable of ContentsI.) Introduction ................................................. 1II.) Review of Literature ........................................ 2A) line of descent 1 .............................................. 2B) Source 2 .............................................. 2C) Source 3 .............................................. 3D) Source 4 .............................................. 3E) Source 5 .............................................. 3III.) Methodology ................................................ 4IV.) Results of tuition Gathered ............................. 4A) Source 1 .............................................. 4B) Source 2 .............................................. 5C) Source 3 .............................................. 5D) Source 4 .............................................. 6E) Source 5 .............................................. 6V.) Summary and Conclusion ....................................... 6ReferencesI.) IntroductionCrack, booze, pot, crystal- from the inner city to the suburbs to smalltowns, the world of the adolescent is permeated by drugs. When a littleharmless experimentation becomes addiction, p atomic number 18nts, teachers, and clinicians atomic number 18 often at a loss. For this age group (roughly ages 13 to 23), traditionalsubstance abuse programs simply are not enough (Nowinski, inside cover).Todays monastic order provides many challenges for adolescents that ourparents never had to face. Pre-marital sex and pregnancy, alcohol abuse, anddrug addiction have always been around but they have never been more availableto adolescents than they are now. Adolescents are more on their own to takecare of themselves with more and more single parent households. The problem ofdrug and alcohol is a study one. Teenagers feel a need to drink and do drugs tofit in to peer groups. The problem is widespread. The common thoughts thatdrugs are only in the city where the unforesightful liv e but that is wrong. Any singleperson can get drugs from the inner city to the small cracker-barrel towns of Texas andNebraska. It doesnt matter where you are. There is a study need for adults tointervene and stop the problem at its beginnings, the adolescents. If we sithere and deny the fact that the problem is there then we are just positionourselves up for disaster.II.) Review of LiteratureA Source 1The first piece of literature that I used was a book written by Dr.Joseph Nowinski entitled Substance Abuse in Adolescents & Young Adults. It waswritten at the Elmcrest Psychiatric Institute in 1990. The book described Dr.Nowinskis study of adolescent addicts of drugs and alcohol. It goes on toexplain the need for the development of treatment plans for adolescents becauseconventional plans do not work on this age group.B) Source 2The second source that I used was a journal article entitled Prevalenceof substance abuse in a rural teenage population. It was written by wadeSilverman. This article was published in The Journal of Adolescent ChemicalDependency in 1991. This article presented the results of a survey done in arural school system to assess the prevalence rates of substance use and related

The Issue of Non-Human Intelligence :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Question of Non-Human IntelligenceHuman beings have long assumed that they were at the pinnacle of the evolutionary pyramid thanks mainly to their more complex brain. They believe that this advanced brain makes them not just more intelligent but categorically divers(prenominal) from all other organisms. Recent advances in the fields of neurobiology and anatomy have begun to chisel away at this most scared of valet assumptions and demonstrate that human brains, and the intelligence associated with them, are not categorically different than other animals. Instead the research indicates that intelligence is on a continuum from lower animals to higher ones. These findings led to smart fields of research which sought to gain a better understanding of intelligence and its evolution by comparing the behaviors and the brains of various organisms. Despite existing for galore(postnominal) years and being supported by researchers in fields as varied as biology and linguistics there have been nearly as many steps backward as there have been forward. The central dilemma in studying intelligence is to come up with a universally acceptable definition of intelligence. Many researchers define intelligence as the ability to use language and create tools to manipulate the environment. While this definition may look fairly logical, especially because humans seem to be the axiomatic example for this definition, many researchers argues that its anthropocentric nature is too limiting. By placing parameters on intelligence which moreover humans meet, and lower primates fit to varying degrees, it is inherently impossible to find intelligence in any other species. A second paradox with this humanist definition of intelligence is that it is based largely on human introspection and the knowledge that we are conscious, rational, linguistic animals(1). Kenneth Marable argues if the same criterion that are apply to rule out non-human intelligence were applied to humans without th e benefit of introspection, we would doubt even our own intelligence(1). One of the first goals of inter-species intelligence studies was to create a quantitative scale to measure the intelligence of animals. Since the administration of IQ test to many different species seemed illogical, researchers turned to using scales which compared the size of an animals brain to the size of its carcass this value was known as the Encephalization Quotient. The Encephalization Quotient (EQ) allows researchers to ask the question Is the brain of a given species bigger or smaller than would be expected, compared with that of other animals its size?

The Issue of Non-Human Intelligence :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Question of Non-Human IntelligenceHuman beings have long assumed that they were at the pinnacle of the evolutionary pyramid convey mainly to their more complex brain. They believe that this advanced brain makes them not just more intelligent but categorically different from all other(a) organisms. Recent advances in the fields of neurobiology and anatomy have begun to chisel away at this most sc ared of human assumptions and demonstrate that human brains, and the intelligence associated with them, are not categorically different than other animals. Instead the explore indicates that intelligence is on a continuum from glower animals to higher ones. These findings led to new fields of research which sought to gain a better understanding of intelligence and its evolution by comparing the behaviors and the brains of various organisms. Despite existing for many years and being supported by researchers in fields as varied as biology and linguistics there have been nearly as many travel backward as there have been forward. The central dilemma in studying intelligence is to come up with a universally acceptable rendering of intelligence. Many researchers define intelligence as the ability to use language and create tools to manipulate the environment. While this rendering may seem fairly logical, specially because humans seem to be the axiomatic example for this definition, many researchers argues that its anthropocentric nature is too limiting. By placing parameters on intelligence which only humans meet, and lower primates fit to varying degrees, it is inherently impossible to find intelligence in any other species. A second problem with this humanist definition of intelligence is that it is based largely on human introspection and the knowledge that we are conscious, rational, linguistic animals(1). Kenneth Marable argues if the same criterion that are used to rule pop non-human intelligence were applied to humans without the benefit of introspection, we would doubt even our own intelligence(1). One of the first goals of inter-species intelligence studies was to create a quantitative outperform to measure the intelligence of animals. Since the administration of IQ test to many different species seemed illogical, researchers turned to using scales which compared the size of an animals brain to the size of its body this value was cognise as the Encephalization Quotient. The Encephalization Quotient (EQ) allows researchers to ask the question Is the brain of a given species bigger or smaller than would be expected, compared with that of other animals its size?

Should We ‘Tone Down’ Anzac Day?

Should we Tone Down ANZAC Day to be considerate of ethnic minorities in Australia? Of course not. But a substantial amount of Anglo-Australians believe that we should. This makes absolutely no sense at all told. Why would anyone be offended by ANZAC day, we are remembering the brave men and women who return fought and died for this clownish, as well as the ones that continue to fight for our country overseas. I dont see how anyone whitethorn be offended by that, except for maybe the Turkish or the Germans scarce however they should enjoy ANZAC day because it is a jubilance of who the ANZAC soldiers were, not who they fought.Its not like the ANZACs were Nazis, they didnt commit genocide or crimes against humanity, they protected a country full of innocent hoi polloi, they are heroes and heroes deserve to be remembered at least once a year. They believe that we should consider how the minorities would feel. The key word there is minorities. Does it seem fair that an entire nati on or at least the majority of a nation must give up a tradition of almost a century for the consideration of a small percentage of the population? This is Australia, Australians built this country whether they were white Australians or not doesnt matter.Celebrating the ANZAC spirit is not only view for our fallen soldiers, but respect for our country and everyone who enjoys the prosperity of modern day Australia should honour that. ANZAC day is celebrated not only in Australia, but at many locations all over the world. Of course it is not celebrated in these countries in the same capacity as it is in Australia and New Zealand but is remembered none the less. Some of these countries take on Turkey, Germany, France and China. These countries had no soldiers in the Australian and New Zealand Army Core they are remembering the values the ANZACS represented.Every year for I dont know how unyielding people who care have set up two weeks before ANZAC day and begun to rat ANZAC day bad ges, these people volunteer their time and effort because they respect what this special day means. A few weeks ago just before ANZAC day Metlink the company that runs metropolitan trains and buses in Melbourne and surrounding areas told these people they could only sell the ANZAC day badges at the train and bus stations on one day rather than for the entire two weeks that had been the tradition for many years.Obviously many people were extremely offended, including the many volunteers, commuters and the general population. Luckily, after public outcry the metropolitan train company withdrew the restrictions on the sale of ANZAC day badges. But the fact that it was even suggested is a gross example of how even some white Australians have lost sight of what ANZAC day and the ANZAC spirit represents. Almost every second Australian had a grandparent who fought in the First World War. And most people have some sort of relation to an ANZAC soldier.Former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd once verbalize The Gallipoli campaign is fall in of our national consciousness, its part of our national psyche, its part of our national identity. I think this statement just about sums it up. The ANZAC spirit is a part of every one in this country, whether they were born here or not, because it is a part of the country. The last Australian ANZAC and last person in the world to have fought on the beaches at Gallipoli, Alec Campbell, died on the eve of March 16, 2002.With him died the last living memory of the courage, strength and valor that was displayed on the battlefield all those years ago. Alec Campbell died in peace knowing that the ANZAC spirit and the memory of his fallen comrades would never be forgotten. But was he comforted by a false hope? Has the summation of the ANZAC spirit been lost somewhere in the translation of time? The fact that people are suggesting that we tone down ANZAC day or discontinue the celebration completely, leads to the conclusion that maybe it has. So what is the ANZAC spirit?Above all the ANZAC spirit means loyalty and respect to your comrades, families and friends. The ANZAC spirit means courage, strength and resourcefulness. Are these not values that every race and religion should celebrate? Perhaps the problem lies not within the meaning of ANZAC day and how that effects the ethnic population, but in the education that is given regarding ANZAC day. Perhaps if we tried harder to involve new Australians in the ANZAC day celebrations, they may begin to better understand what ANZAC day really represents for our country and for them.

Hospitality Story Assignment Essay

This paper discusses strategic opportunities for a unique non-profit venture. The equine sedulousness is one among the major fleshly application in the world. This is because one dollar bills the lay creations term for equine are one of the roughly expensive brutes to buy and to take care of. Equines stooge be considered as a pet for sentient cosmos lovers, a practical subject matter of transport within the farm or to country-side areas, and in addition a good form of pedigree in a bearing of breeding and pecknonb all told along quality dollar cavalrys.But what happens to the charge bucks that can no longer race? Introduction The equine persistence is one among the major animal industries in the world. This is because horses the laymans term for equine are one of the well-nigh expensive animals to buy and to take care of. Horses can be considered as a pet for animal lovers, a practical means of transport within the farm or to country-side areas, and as wel l a good form of argumentation in a course of breeding and race horses. Indeed, there are a number of uses that can be applied for the horses.This is the very reason wherefore the equine industry has been receiving great attention both from the government sector and the private animal-related organizations. There are a series of laws and regulations made to facilitate the glow flow of equine industry, both in the short letter and health perspectives. Background Racing Industry History Horses, one of the ab give aside fascinating animals in the news report of mankind, energise been an integral tell of society since the beginning of civilization. In the days of primitive culture, man looked towards the horse as a source of food.Since that time however, he has relied on the horse for warfare, work, transportation and sport. After God, said the Spanish conquistadors, we owed the victory to the horse. With equal truth it can be asserted that much of our homophile make head c ommission has been dependent upon the use man has made of the horse (Edwards, 1985). Edwards affirmation is promote proven throughout muniment. From the migration of primitive nomads to the conquering of entire civilizations, there is no aspect of life that the horse has not affected. The horses history began millions of classs before creation even evolved.Horses were so important to ancient society, that such evidence is depicted through m some(prenominal) works of art and literature. Through these remnants one can see exactly how horses were eaten, sacrificed, worshiped and ridden in battle since pre-historic times. a great deal times, especially in mythology, original ideas about horses came about from an explanation of actual events. What is known today as the modern horse took many years to evolve into what it has be develop. whiz of the earliest records of man riding a horse is an engraving on bone, found at Susa from the third millennium BC (Edwards, 1985).As they bec ame more popular, horses soon replaced reindeer, and were used to piss sleds in Northern Europe. Likewise, horses also began to replace other animals as a vehicle. A mounted man on these fast-moving creatures could certainly hunt with greater efficiency. The first of all time man employed some means other than human power was an immense step in world history (Roberts, 1987). Mans domestication of the horse throughout the centuries has been so thorough and comprehensive that there are really no truly wild horses left in being (Roberts, 1987).Although horses do run free in the world, they are all decedents of some form of domesticated animal. The Breeders Breeders of Thoroughbred race horses have a motto Breed the outgo to the beat out, and hope for the best. Farms from California to New York, Florida to Mary gain, are all trying to emulate what breeders in the state of Kentucky have done for centuries produce champions. For breeders, the study of bloodlines is a way of life. T he art of matching a dam (the horses mother) with a sire (the father) to produce a top foal is disassociate art form, part science, and a great deal of luck.For instance, Alydar, who finished present moment to Affirmed in all the 1978 Triple Crown races, sired a pair of Kentucky derby hat winners in Alysheba (1987) and detect the Gold (1991) Affirmed has yet to sire a Derby winner. The breeder go outing contri simplye to the race horse shelter all time a thoroughbred race horse is registered with the Joc signalize Association. This fee, of $200. 00 is collected by The Jockey Association and sent directly to the shelter to help with the costs of providing food, shelter and checkup care for the horses. The fee pass on also grant the necessary salaries to the members of the team. The HorsesThe Thoroughbred breed originates from the Middle East, where centuries ago Arab rulers bred their great stallions to select mares in the hopes of producing faster and stronger horses. The lineage, or family history, of a horse is known as its pedigree. Soon after a horses birth, the owner and/or breeder registers it with The Jockey Club, the official racing record keeping organization for the breed. After the colt (male) or filly (female) is born, the breeder puts in countless hours of hard work to get the horse ready for the races. While most thoroughbreds are born between January and June, they have a universal birthday of January 1.This standard was set up to simplify the process of cr eat races for horses of a certain age. (For example, the Kentucky Derby is restricted to three year olds). During the young horses first autumn, they are separated from the mother and convocationed together with other weanlings continuing to call on and learn. The following spring, the developing horses, now known as yearlings will begin to be taught the ways of the racetrack. Beginning with the first days of placing a saddle on their back, they are being trained for a travel at the races.The young horses begin training at on their home farm or shipped to a training facility to be broken for riding and eventually racing. Developing a good racehorse takes considerable time and patience. Training begins slowly, with light jogs and gallops virtually the track developing a routine to get the horse accustomed to track life. Later, serious training begins they start to put in longer gallops to progress stamina, and work their way up to a two-minute lick, meaning a robust mile gallop in two minutes. As it gets closer to their second birthday, the casual farm life has been left behind.Horses at this age now begin workouts, usually starting with 1/8 of a mile, called their first hoyden, and operative their way up as the day of moving from training center to racetrack nears. The Thoroughbred on the Track Today, Thoroughbreds generally begin their racing career at age two (Remember, all racehorses have a universal birthday of January 1), and remain racing as long as they are main competitive or until retirement for breeding enjoyments. A Thoroughbred is not considered an adult horse until it is five years of age, so when they begin their career at age two or three, they are really near developing children and teenagers.Horses go through a lot of growing pains and changes during this time. Often you will see precocious two-year-olds that are touted as next years Kentucky Derby favorite that end up no where to be seen come that first Saturday in May. Most everyone in racing will tell you that their dream is to see their horse in the Derby winners circle, but with some 35,000 foals born in the United States each year, and only 20 maximum make it to the race, reality sets in quickly. So even if a horse doesnt make the Derby, there are plenty of opportunities for a horse to be successful on the track.As a horse develops, it usually acquires a certain racing style whether it is a front-runner or off-the-pace type, or maybe it prefers racing on turf rather than dirt. There is the rare animal that is comfortable no matter how the race develops or on any type of track, able to adapt to every situation. Whatever their style, the bettor needs to match it to the rest of the horses in the field and see how the race might unfold. The Trainers While the jockey is usually the person that the racing fans most identify with, the single most important player in a racehorses life is the trainer.Trainers generally earn their money in two ways through a day rate they charge the owner(s) for day-to-day training and stakes they earn when their owners horse wins a race, usually 10% of the owners winnings. The trainer is equal to a teams coach continually trying to produce winners with a constantly changing barnful of talent. For every horse in the barn, the trainer teaches them how to race, hones their speed, builds their endurance, sees to their care, and calls in help to heal their injuries.All horses possess a certain amount of class ultimately telling in the level of race at which they will be successful. As a trainer begins to work with a horse, they assess that class and train accordingly. For the fans, training is like practicing. Horses are trained almost every morning, when they are taken to the racetrack to walk, jog, gallop or workout, depending on their schedule. Workouts are the most noteworthy part of the training regimen. Shorter workouts (those a half mile or under) are designed to increase speed, while longer ones build stamina.As with any athlete, horses experience physical problems. This is where the keen eye of an experienced trainer can significantly affect a horses career. Racehorses are by nature delicate, and by closely watching for and treating injuries before they become serious, the trainer will save his horse, owner and himself a lot of problems. For medical problems, trainers call in their veterinarian. At all racetracks, there are a group of vets who, usually workings out of their veh icle instead of an office, travel through the barn area taking care of their clients horses day to day needs.After all of this, the trainer facilitate has to select the races in which the horses will compete. Trainers use the condition book, created by the Racing Secretary, to select the type of race for each horse in the stable. For example, if the horse has yet to win, it would be entered in a maiden race against other non-winners. An old horsemens adage is to, keep myself in the best company and my horses in the bruise. Easier said than done, but some trainers have the knack. For the bettor, it is essential to watch the trainers and see which ones are the most successful.The track program has a stats page for trainers, with all the info needed evaluate when they are most successful. Knowing the trainers and being able to pick up on their hot and cold spells is a top antecedency in making winning selections at the track. The trainer will contribute to the race horse shelter ev ery time a thoroughbred race horse is registered as a racing horse. This fee, of $100. 00 is collected by the race track and sent directly to the shelter to help with the costs of providing food, shelter and medical care for the horses. The fee will also depict the necessary salaries to the members of the team.The Jockeys Jockeys generally get their mounts in races when the horses are training each morning. A jockey employs an agent, who, working for a percentage of their riders winnings, tries to secure the best horse for them in each race. The tricky part for the agent comes when several trainers want their rider for the same race. Now the jockeys agent is like any bettor they are handicapping the horses and putting their rider on the most likely winner. ride atop a Thoroughbred at speeds up to 40 miles per hour for a mile or more requires tremendous athletic ability and concentration.The best jockeys are skillful strategists and superior gamesmen. They are experts at bringing out the best qualities of their mounts. Top riders are also familiar with the characteristics of many other horses in the race. In addition to the athletic demands of racing, a jockey must maintain a certain weight for riding, normally between 100 and 115 pounds. morose dieting and conditioning programs are a constant concern for most riders. The jockeys will be desired as caregivers and exercisers for the horses residing at the race horse shelter. The jockeys will be a salaried employee of the team.Many jockeys have a hard time finding employment after their racing careers are over. The race horse shelter will provide employment for these retire jockeys. Racehorse Industry The racehorse industry has been demonstrating positive levels of success and has had a considerable impact on the market overall. A 2003 summary report provided by the Louisiana State University summarized the successes and contributions of the horse industry as follow The race horse industry is smooth of 1,17 8 breeders who own 10,161 mares that produced 5,971 foals that were sell in 2003 for $35. 8 million.These breeders own 1,977 stallions that were bred to 5,313 mares, generating income from stud fees of $13. 3 million. The total income generated from racehorse production was $49. 1 million. An additional 2,229 racehorse owners owned 10,903 racehorses in training or on the track at a value of $109 million. The impact of racehorse owners and breeders activities in 2003 was $158. 1 million. The show and contest horse industry (horse shows, barrel racing, cutting, roping, team penning, etc. ) is composed of 2,600 breeders who own 7,847 mares that produced 4,901 foals that were sold for $14.7 million. These breeders own 718 stallions that bred 8,351 mares, generating $12. 5 million in income from stud fees. The total income generated from show and ambition horse production was $27. 2 million. Another 4,634 owners compete on their 14,901 horses valued at $59. 6 million. The total impact of the show and competition horse industry is $86. 8 million. A large portion of the horse industry is volunteer(a). The horse is used for comfort, exercise and enjoyment. About 20% or 8,570 of the recreational horse owners bred 21,554 mares and sold 11,392 foals in 2003 for $17.1 million. These horsemen own 933 stallions that were bred to 5,924 mares, generating income from stud fees of $592,400. The total income from production in the recreational horse industry was $17. 6 million in 2003. Another 25,453 recreational horse owners have 61,366 horses valued at $61 million. There are 129,022 registered horses in Louisiana, owned by 45,331 horsemen. These horses are valued at $324 million. An additional 70,000 rate and other equines are owned by 25,000 people who have a $210 million impact on the economy.In addition to the value of horses produced and maintained in Louisiana, the activities of the horse industry generate a tremendous cash flow. The four racetracks employ 3,000 peopl e and generate expenditures of about $1 meg per year. The show and competition industry conducts an estimated 500 activities per year and generates $12. 5 million in expenditures. With the value of horses, expenditures on horses and the activities in which they engage, the impact of the horse industry is estimated at $1. 6 billion per year. (LSU, 2003).Apparently, the industry is heading in a positive direction. However, there needs to be better regulation of the industry, particularly in the development of appropriate business ethics to govern those mixed in the industry. Sensible business ethics are one of the keys to organizational success. As a corporate strategy businesses involved with horses should lobby for effective legislation to protect the consumer, the business owner and the horse. In the U. K. , for example, all horses are required to possess a passport according to a legislation that came into effect on 31 December 2003.Other European countries have similar require ments. Even though horse owners previously registered horses this was on a voluntary basis for horses born after 1 January 1998. The new requirement marks that all horses, particularly those specifically reared for the purposes of slaughtering and consumption, have a passport containing a history of veterinary medicines so that certain medicines do not pass along the food chain to humans. This requirement is also a more effective way of controlling over breeding in certain areas (Defra, 2002).Policies such as these are useful guidelines for conducting business so that managers adopt correct strategies in all aspects of the industry. Organizations must provide these business ethics and rights to employees (as well as to the livestock of the agriculture or farm industry) to safeguard their needs, to maintain friendly working environment, and to provide boost to a certain industry. Managers cannot anticipate that there will not be challenges in implementing certain principles that wil l contribute to eventual organizational success.Jonash (2005) warns that business owners need to be willing to face the challenges that go along with difficult business decisions and strategies. He holds that achieving short, medium and long-term success is not easy. He suggests that managers take to the reality that there are no quick fixes to organizational problems and thus should be willing to follow through with tested and proven strategies even if the murder process seems difficult. The above-mentioned statistics show clearly that this system is working very well in the US and can even improve if the overall racehorse industry follows proper policies and procedures.Slaughter Industry History Slaughterhouses slaughter, for consumption, horses which have outlived their usefulness, or are in poor health condition. The history of horse slaughter houses can be trace back from the 8th century when Pope Gregorio III declared that the consumption of horse snapper for food is an abo minable act (Martuzzi et. al. , n. d. ). He also declared the people eating it as unclean people. However, until today, the use of horse centerfield is rampant. Customers who use horsemeat in their diet purchase the slaughtered meat in large quantities (House of Commons Hansard, 2002).Horses are slaughtered for meat and sold in France, Belgium, Holland, Japan and Italy. This chiefly originates from the horse slaughtering houses that are widely distributed in Europe and in America. It was in 1928 when the selling of horse meat was strictly prohibited. However, the eventual abolition of this law may be the caused of the emanating horse slaughtering houses. During 1995-2000, the number of horse slaughtering houses along with horse consumption increased. It was only in 1999 when a decrease in the trend was observed and this was mainly caused by BSE, a disease that can be obtained from eating animal meat.More recently (2005), around 100,000 horses are slaughtered each year in the Unite d States alone to be slaughtered (Meszoly, 2006). Among this large number of horses, 20,000 were exported alive to their countries. These countries include Japan, Mexico, and Canada (Reeves, n. d). In line with the rampant case of horse slaughtering houses, the American Horse Slaughter Prevention Act was established. Its primary goal is to end the slaughter of horses for human consumption. Most recently, it was on August 2, 2007 when an amendment to the 2008 Agriculture Appropriations bill was approved.This is another move to stop the act done by horse slaughtering horses, to remove its history, present whole kit and boodle and future acts. Humane Society History The word humane means merciful, sympathetic and benevolent. (HSI Europe, 2008). The humane society is a collective effort of an association to ensure that feelings of mercy and benevolence spread among the local people not only towards their fellow humans but also towards all the aliveness beings around them. These livin g beings include a whole range of animals, birds and at times even plants.Most recently altering the gene of animals through genetic engineering for the purpose of mere experimentation are also taken into serious consideration by the modern humane societies. Humane societies aim to prohibit in-humane and brutal behavior towards other humans and animals. Today humane societies for animal protection are specifically called societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals (SPCAs) (HSI Europe, 2008). Brief Aims and Purposes of Humane Societies The basic aim of most humane societies and SPCAs, remains to be the prevention of cruelty against animals.If animals cannot voice their own demands and cannot speak up against the brutalities being committed on them, it does not mean that humans should take advantage of them and equitableify their cruel acts to be correct. Other major purposes include dealing with the problem of shelter, adoption and euthanasia. Euthanasia (bringing about an ea sy death) is carried out in order to deal with the problems of undesired animals in a community and prevent conditions of overcrowding in animal shelters.However, some SPCAs have a no kill policy. This nevertheless does not mean that euthanasia is completely avoided it means that it is used only very rarely in serious situations. On the planetary and national front many organizations fight for the rights of wildlife and work animals which face extremely harsh treatment from poachers, smugglers, hunters and other people who kill or use animals exactly for economic gain and people who employ animals to work for them. History of Humane SocietiesUnited States of America Though England was possibly the first known country to have set up a humane society, other countries like USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand were quick to follow. Henry Burgh founded the first humane society of USA in 1866 in New York, known as the American Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) The Humane Society of the United States, American Humane which was founded in 1877 as a network of local organizations to prevent cruelty to children and animals (HSI Europe, 2008).Many other local organizations were set up and worked with similar objectives such as, animal safety, providing sanctuaries and possibilities of adoption for animals and dealing with the problems of unwanted animals through the controversial process of euthanasia or otherwise through a no kill policy (HSI Europe, 2008). No kill actually means minimizing euthanasia so that it is only used under certain circumstances.United Kingdom The first ever humane society was set up in England, known as the Royal Humane society founded in 1774 A. D. (HSI Europe, 2008). It was a charitable organization which awarded people for acts of saving human lives or restoring human lives by resuscitation. Following the steps of Royal Humane society, the Glasgow Humane Society was founded in Glasgow, Scotland in 1790. Since then it h as been acting as an organization for the prevention, rescue and recovery group set up for Greater Glasgow, Scotland (HSI Europe, 2008).An organization especially for animal rights was founded in 1824, known as the Royal Society for Prevention of Cruelty to animals (RSPCA) followed by Scots Society for Prevention of Cruelty to animals (SSCPA) and Ulster Society for Prevention of Cruelty to animals (USCPA). An organization for treating animal illnesses and injuries of wildlife and the pets and working animals of the local poor people, known as the Peoples Dispensary for Sick animals was founded in 1917 (HSI Europe, 2008).Canada The Canadian Federation of Humane Societies is a federation which represents as whole around 123 humane societies all over Canada. However, in 1869 in Montreal the first ever humane society of Canada was set up, known as the Canadian SPCA (HSI Europe, 2008). Australia The first Australian SPCA was founded in 1871 in Victoria based on British RSPCA. Later, oth er such organizations were built in other states like in Tasmania in 1872, New South Wales in 1873, Queensland in 1883 and Western Australia in 1892. Though they were warranted the Royal Warrant in 1956, they had no connection with the RSPCA in the UK.For the purpose of voicing their desires in the federal government regarding animal give aways, Australian RSPCA was founded in 1981 (HSI Europe, 2008). New Zealand In 1882, in Dunedin, the first SPCA of New Zealand was set up. Other such organizations were formed in quick succession. Later they all combined into a union known as the Royal New Zealand Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, to work for unified goals and objectives (HSI Europe, 2008). International Many SPCAs are also running successfully on an international scale, mostly in European countries.Humane Society International HSI is one such example of an eminent US based SPCA working successfully in Europe since 1990 (HSI Europe, 2008). Non Profit Horse Rescue H istory At present, there are many non profit organizations for horse rescue and all of them share the same goals and objectives. These organizations main goal and mission is to provide rescue, rehabilitation, foster care, and have a positive environment for those horses and equines that have both been abandoned, abused, unwanted, mistreated, neglected, tortured, retired, or are at risk of going to slaughter.Each non profit organization for horse rescue has its own history. Long ago, horses and equines were used for transportation. In 1950s when motorized vehicles were becoming more practical and affordable, horses were replaced as means of transportation by these lower maintenance and faster vehicles. Because of this, many horses were abandoned and neglected and were being sent to slaughter. Thus in 1952, a non profit horse rescue organization called HorseWorld was established to take care of the many working horses whose jobs were taken away and replaced by the motorized vehicles (HorseWorld, 2008).Many wild horses or mustangs or more accurately termed as feral horses freely roam on mankind lands in several states of America like Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, and Wyoming. However, the numbers of mustangs were declining as time passes. Mustangs are horses whose ancestors were domestic horses that first arrived in America with Christopher Columbus on his voyage in 1493 (Lifesavers Inc. , 1997). Many of these domestic horses were freed or escaped from early explorers, native tribes, etc. to become free-roaming horses all across America.In order to protect and rescue these horses, the crackers Free-roaming Horse and Burro Act was passed by Congress in 1971 and many non profit horse rescue organizations have come out to protect, manage, and control wild free-roaming horses on public lands. One of these organizations is the Lifesavers Wild Horse Rescue. There are many other non profit organizations that protect and rescue not only horses but also dogs and cats from dangerous situations. The important thing is that these organizations give a chance for these animals to have a better life.This reflects how these animal rescue organizations give value to the rights of animals to safety and just treatment. The equine rescue also provides a better option rather than horse slaughter. The fact that most of the rescue facilities are privately owned and mainly rely on donations may pose a challenge the implementation regulations lay down. This means that horses should not just be sent to slaughter just because they have lost their usefulness. The termination of these horses may be termed as a better option instead of heaping the animals in a rescue facility.Problem line This study is designed to assess the need to provide an alternative to sending race horse to slaughter, if the horse can be rehabilitated and have a successful purpose in life. The study includes a check out to the population of, breeders, trainers, jockeys, and race track o wners. The survey consists of both qualitative and quantitative questions. The primary objective of the survey is to determine the need for optional resources for the race horse that can still have a viable life outside if the racetrack.Horseracing and the slaughtering of horses are two key industry areas involving the use of horses and both private and public sector corporations have some amount of share in either industry area. As with any other animal group it is no surprise that there is a continuing debate on the ethics of both horseracing and horse slaughtering for consumption. These twin industry areas have been the targets of concerns raised on the ethic of slaughtering horses, particularly those that would have previously been used in the horseracing industry but which are no longer of further use to their owners for a variety of reasons.These horses may be diseased, injured or ill and have little prospect for future recovery. To ensure that they do not suffer a complete lo ss, owners of racehorses sell these unwanted horses to slaughterers. Some people are totally against the slaughtering of horses. In America and European countries, horsemeat is comparable to the meat of other large animals such as the buffalo, goat, sheep, pig and others. Since people throughout the United States and Europe desire to have horsemeat as a part of their diet then naturally, the slaughter industry too has its own place.Thus, while persons object to the slaughtering of horses, there are those who have little or no protestation to the consumption of horsemeat. Similarly, there are objections to the use of horses for racing because of the reported cruel treatment of these animals and their injection with dangerous substances and steroids to enhance performance. This is a very sore issue in the horse industry. Even sorer is the slaughtering of these horses when they are no longer profitable in the horseracing industry.This debate is challenging the viability of the equine industry, putting industry shareholders in an uneasy position. Both the racehorse and the slaughtering industries are producing at their full capacities in the US and the rest of the world. Like any other business these industries whether private or public need to adopt sound business management strategies through appropriate training so as to be good in business and to provide the best service to buyers and consumers. The care and the right use of horses is also the matter of concern.The primary use of horses is for racing. However, one cannot avoid the fact that the slaughterhouse, rather than the racecourse, becomes the home for horses defective for racing. Every year, the number of unfit horses increases thus the number of slaughterhouses also increases. Slaughter industries in the public and private sectors purchase the unwanted horses. Traditionally, the hunter-jumper market has acquired most creator racehorses that have no signs of muscular-skeletal abnormalities, and some use previous standard-bred racehorses for driving carriages.Horses that obtain career-ending injuries are not useful anymore for the owners and fall into the category of unwanted horses. Figures produced by the U. S. department of agriculture reveal, however, that the majority of horses slaughtered (92. 3%) are quite healthy and not, in fact, neglected. An overwhelming majority of Americans and members of Congress oppose slaughtering horses for human consumption (HSUS, 2007). One of the options in dealing with these unwanted horses is for slaughtering and distribution for consumption.The precise number of horses that make up this category of unwanted is unknown. However, some research reveals that 100,000 horses fall to slaughterhouses each year in the USA. The real number of unwanted horses is much higher than that reported. Horses used on farms are costly to owners, specifically maintenance costs for food, wastage disposal and land use. The slaughter industry appears to be the mo st attractive option in dealing with these horses.

Napoleon Exiled to Elba Essay

* 1812 Napoleon launches an invasion against the Russians * 1814, Napoleon forces surrendered and he offered to step pull down in favor of his son * His offer was rejected and he signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau, he agreed to abdicate in exchange for which he was inclined the tiny Kingdom of Ebla, a small island in the Mediterranean Sea * May 3, 1814 Napoleon arrives on the island of Elba He brought ambitious plans to reform government and a personal escorts of 1000 men, and a household of staff * An island of 12,000 inhabitants in the Mediterranean, 20 km off the Tuscan coast* Napoleon attempted suicide with a pill he had carried since a close to-capture by Russians on the retreat from Moscow however, its potency had weakened with age, and he survived to be exiled while his wife and son took insane asylum in Austria * Evening of February 26 , 1815 Napoleon takes advantage of temporary absence of the English custodian, Colonel Campbell * Under the cover of night, he silently sl ipped away with a from the island and returned to the mainland * He traveled through areas where he knew he had support and about 500,000 volunteers joined him * Escapes with a small army and headed to Paris, proclaimed the renewal of his empire* The French may have found Louis XVIII reasonable, however, they feared the royalists and clergy who were attacking the reforms that had come into effect since 1789 * Also the magic of Napoleons name and the glory of his rule been forgotten struggle of Waterloo Return of Napoleon united the powers at Vienna, and agreed to raise and army on a lower floor the Duke of jackboot * June 8, 1815 near the town of Waterloo, Belgium the 100 days campaign starts * June 8, 1815 near the town of Waterloo, Belgium 100 days campaign starts* June 18, 1815 Duke of Wellington occupied the continue of Mont St. Jean (south of Waterloo) and Napoleon was at La Belle Alliance across the valley * Duke of Wellington had inexperienced infantry, cavalry and had 1 56 cannon and standard gun for infantry * Napoleon built his army on short notice with veterans, peasants and conscripts * The French army under fire from the garrisons at LA Haye Sainte and despite heavy casualties at 1130am the French launched diversionary attack on Hougoumont * An allied line that hid behind the ridge

Crackling Day By Peter Abrahams Essay

Crackling day is a story ab extinct a young dusky boy in South Africa that challenges three pureness youths and, in so doing, challenges the semipolitical system of the whole country. The very famous source Peter Abrahams wrote it.It set in Africa in the multiplication of a graphic symbolheid. Apartheid was a system or a mentality as it were was apposed on South Africa after the endorse World War and the country gained independence from Great Britain. This did non mean that it would be the South Afri domiciliates that ran the country, as it was the British that were still in control. Apartheid laws were imposed on South Africa in 1948 and on June 13, 1950 the Group Areas Act was enacted. It segregated communities and relegated the black population to a minor percentage of the nations primer coat, therefore essence that bloodless tribe mostly owned the land and the land on which the black people resided was often non even theirs. Everyone in the country had to narrative th emselves as snowy, black (African), or coloured (of mixed washing e.g. Asian).In 1953, the Public Safety Act and the wicked Law Amendment Act were passed, which empowered the presidential term to decl ar stringent states of emergency and increased penalties for protesting against or supporting the repeal of a law. The penalties included fines, imprisonment and whippings. In 1960, a large group of blacks in Sharpsville refuse to carry their passes the government decl atomic number 18d a state of emergency. The emergency lasted for 156 days, leaving 69 people dead and 187 people wounded. Wielding the Public Safety Act and the Criminal Law Amendment Act, the white regime had no intention of changing the unjust laws of apartheid.In 1989 there were approximately 19 million blacks in the country and on 4.5 million whites and yet whites had 87% of the land and blacks owned only 13%. The whites in addition received about 75% of the countries income with the blacks receiving 25% or less . The health and incidentals of life services that blacks were allowed was as well as appalling with one doctor per 44,000 blacks whereas the whites had one doctor per 400 people and 1 teacher per 60 blacks whereas there was 1 teacher per 22 whites.Apartheid and how it affected people is the main subject of the story and canclearly be seen throughout. lee(prenominal) had to collect cow dung everyday so that he, his aunty and his Uncle could use it as fuel. It was the only material that they could use for cooking and as a fire, possibly the only thing that they could use to preserve their fireside warm. work throughwind and all the children of the location made the long trek to Elsberg siding for the square of pigs rind that passed for out daily meat. The children had to do this formerly a week, every Wednesday. Also non the place where the operated was scarcely the location and had no name, whereas the place they were heading towards (where all the white people lived) d id occupy a name, Elsberg.This gives the reader the thought that where the black people lived was considered a place that didnt matter hence it had no name. Elsberg was also not a close by town it was a long trek. This meant that the white people lived far away from the blacks, coincidence or purposefully put so that they were split up from each other? From the evidence and the time in which the story is set I would have to say that this was no coincidence. In the time of Apartheid the different race groups were split up and it is therefore my conclusion that the whites did not want to live near the blacks, whereas the blacks had no choice.What we also notice that is a very important fact is that they cannot have any daily meat and are kind of walking miles for some pig crackling. This is not a nutritious thing to eat exclusively they either couldnt afford to buy meat or are not allowed any by the baas. The crackling that they do get is not even given to them. Earlier in the stor y we read that lee sides Aunt wore a thin (she, therefore is thin) dress with a sacque that was nea simpleness the skin and that from this she pulled a sixpenny piece and tied it in a knot on the corner on the corner of a numeral of coloured cloth. With this sixpenny (worth about 2.5 pence in todays money) he bought the crackling off of the white firearm. Also note that it says that lee(prenominal) tuck it into the little canvas bag. The word little is quite emotive as it shows that Lee does not have much.The man that was serving the crackling to the black children did it in unhurried fashion, with long pauses for a smoke and he occasionally turned his back. From this we can see the affects of apartheid and what it does topeople. The young man that was serving them was victorious his time, and being facetious, flippant and dismissive. Not only that, but he was doing this towards young children. We can see that apartheid has made this young man think that he is great than bla ck children. This, therefore in his header has justified his actions in believing he had the right to behave in such a manner. Apartheid, being part of South Africas legislation did give him the right to act in this manner by law.Along with apartheid in Crackling Day, there are also tough living conditions evident. Lee lives with his Uncle and Aunt but it is the white mans land that they are living on. We can see this when afterwards in the story the white man wants Uncle surface-to-air missile to teach him and warns surface-to-air missile if you and he are to live here, you must teach him. From this we can see that the white man wants Lee to be taught a lesson but does not want to have to punish him himself. It would be much more upsetting for surface-to-air missile, liza and Lee if Sam himself did it.Note that he does not include Aunt Liza when he is talking about the people living on his land. This is because in the times of apartheid it wasnt just racism that was infection, it was sexism as well. Aunt Liza, being a woman, was not considered much and not worth much. This plays a crucial part afterwards on in that particular scene.Lee also had to walk out in the shivery with bare feet and they therefore cannot afford or obtain shoes.The precedent also uses different language styles to emphasize just how tough it is. He uses hyperbole like when he said after what seemed hours. He uses personification of the stone-cold so that it makes us picture in our minds just how bad it is and how much of a cruel enemy it was. He uses similes like when he said that the dawn air went down my throat like an icy draught. He uses alliteration like when he said that the sun sat high in the sky. Note he also used alliteration and personification and alliteration in that last sentence aspect that the sun sat.To continuously have to be humble, differential and submissive in the presence of someone who is so arrogant, aggressive and forceful cannot be easy. They also have to deal with accumulation cow dung for fuel, eating only crackling and bread for which they have to walk for hours for, always having to turn the other cheek and deal with all the rest of the immoral acts injustices that they are regularly put through.As a result of these facts, all the characters feel fear and need to show heroism on a daily basis. Some examples of the difficult conditions which individual characters face are like when Lee and Andreas were startled by a Boer dog (Boer being the term that set forth the settlers that came from Europe and Settled in South Africa). These dogs were trained to kill black people and this is something that young children had to face. The two had to get away from the dog (even though it was cornerstone a fence).Uncle Sam has to live in fear of the white man because, by law, he is their superior and the fact that they are living on his land means that he could throw them out into the realms of homelessness where the destitute struggle.H owever, there are also specific incidents, which reveal the themes of fortitude and fear. The most prolific, courageous and important incident was one that seemed almost hidden. After Uncle Sam had beaten Lee the white man and the boys were leaving. The white man said total Night to Sam, to which Sam replied Good night baas, sorry about all this. The white man because said Good night, Liza and Liza did not answer. This is very significant, as not replying to the white man could be shown as disrespectful and even breaking the law. The family could have been thrown off of the land for it. But, as stated foregoing Aunt Liza is a woman and as such was considered not worth it by the white man.Just Before this Aunt Liza had also shown courage. After Sam had beaten Lee the white man said bet his fathers one of those who believe in equality. Aunt Liza said very bluntly to this his father is dead. This was not a humble thing to say, which was what was expected of her being black and a wo man.Lee showed courage on two occasions. The first was when he and Andreas were running away from the white boys who were shouting at them your fathers are dirty black bastards of baboons Lee showed courage by stopping, turning round and screaming Youre a Liar What prepared us for this was the fact that when Andreas was telling Lee that they should run and then changed his mind and told him to walk quietly Lee kept on asking why? Lee wasnt as street-wise as it were when it came to avoiding the white children and how to act around white people. This is probably due to Lee being an out-of-towner and he had just come from Johannesburg. This was courageous in the sense that not only was he standing up to the white boys but also he was standing up to the whole political system of the country.The second time that Lee showed courage was when Uncle Sam told Lee to tell the white man that he is sorry. This he did not and instead pleaded he insulted my father. This is a lot of courage to show for a miserable boy, and I dont think it was out of stubbornness.In Crackling Day Lee faces many challenges he feels fear and displays courage in dealing with his fears. One example of this is the cold whether. Lee has to go out every Wednesday and walk for hours in the cold. He first shows courage out of dealing with this instead of winging about it, he even trotted off as if he was willing to go. This shows he has a positive attitude towards this, which in itself requires tremendous courage.The agent dialogue about the cold a lot during the story. He also utilizes different language styles to do so.He started by using similes about how cold the good morning air was on that point was a sharp bite to the morning air I sucked in it stung my nose so that tears came to my eyes it went down my throat like an icy draught my nose ran. That was a long sentence He uses this repetition for the sake of emphasis and effect. He also used a simile in there when it said it went down my th roat like an icy draught. This is to give the reader the right picture and tint of what its like and how hard it is for Lee. So in one sentencehe put in repetition and a simile.The story continues I tried and true breathing through my mouth, but this was worse. The cold went through my shirt and shorts my skin went pimply and chilled my fingers went numb and began to ache my feet felt like frozen lumps that did not belong to me, yet jarred and digest each time I put them down. I began to feel sick and desperate. The second sentence again had repetition and a simile. So from that paragraph there is a long sentence, a short one, a long one, and again a short one. All this adds up to allow some insight as to what it was like for him. We can see how immoral it is for this young boy to have to go through all the suffering, not once, but every Wednesday.It then says later on We were creatures haunted and hounded by the cold. Theres a metaphor. It was a cruel enemy who gave no derriere . Thats very emotive personification. And our meanings of fighting it were pitifully inadequate. In all the mornings and evenings of the winter months, young and old, big and small, were helpless victims of the bitter cold. Now the writer has started referring to the cold as it and bitter.The story continues Only toward noon and in the early afternoon, when the sun sat high in the sky, was there a brief respite. There we have two instances of alliteration. For us, the children, the cold, especially the morning cold, assumed an awful a malevolent personality. A lot of personification there, even describing its personality We talked of it. It was a half-human lusus naturae with evil thoughts, evil intentions, bent on destroying us. Much more personification that helps us see how much of an enemy the cold was.The author has just miscellaneous us a picture of what it was like for these two boys and how the hated and feared the cold.All of this tells us that Lee and Andreas are two boy s that accept the way that they have to live and face it with courage and with a positive attitude. They realise that that is the society that they have to live inand accept their lives.Another thing that Lee and Andreas fear is Hunger. The author shows this by, again, using personification and use of language.We are told Hunger was an enemy too, but one with whom we could come terms, who had many values and virtues. We are told here how hunger was also an enemy but not as bad as the cold. The author uses personification of these two factors (the cold and the hunger) is very skilfully.The incident with the man giving out the crackling demonstrates the theme of power and its importance in society. As stated earlier the man that was serving the crackling to the black children did it in leisurely fashion, with long pauses for a smoke and he occasionally turned his back. Lee, Andreas and the rest of the black children have to call the white man baas as a sign of respect. The white man w ouldnt serve Lee until he did well? the man repeated coldly. Please, baas, I said. What dyou want? sixpence crackling, please. What? Andreas dug me in the ribs. Sixpence crackling, please. What? Sixpence crackling, please, baas.We can see that the white man has far more power than Lee or Andreas and as such they have to treat him as their superior.To respond in the way that Lee and Aunt Liza did to their fear demands courage because by law they are in the wrong. When Lee stands up to the white boys and when Aunt Liza stands up to the white man they are also standing up to the entire political system of their culture at that time. For doing so they could be beaten, thrown off of the white mans land or even killed.The author is exhibit the difference in position between whites and blacks. He does this by showing that the man selling the crackling and the white man that owns the land can do whatever pleases them and get the black people to do whatever pleases them. The black people ha ve to respond by being humble, differential and submissive.The character of Uncle Sam is what would be expected of him in that culture and time period.When he came home and Aunt Liza told him what had happened the author says he, too, just looked at me and became more remote and retreat. They were time lag for something. Uncle Sam and Aunt Liza knew that that got beaten up by Lee would probably either tell his parents or his parents would see the bruises and ask what had happened. They knew that the white man would be coming round to their house to enquire what had happened. Uncle Sam was probably in a state of fear, of the white man, hence him becoming remote and withdrawn.Another thing that displays that he is in a state of fear is that when they heard a trap pull up outside Uncle Sam simply says here it comes. When people are anxious, worried or alarmed they tend to murmur or talk quickly.When the door burst open and the tall, broad white man strode in Uncle Sam greeted him in a respectful, humble manner (what was expected of him) by saying Evening, baas and the text then tells us Uncle Sam murmured. It even tells us that he is murmuring It then later says Hes sorry, baas, Uncle Sam said quickly. This definitely tells us that he is afraid of something as he is talking quickly.Uncle Sam does show courage when he lies to the white man. He tells him Ive given him a hiding he wont forget. The white man could easily find out, by examining Lee and this, again, could get the family thrown off of the white mans land.When Lee doesnt tell the white man that he is sorry and instead says that they insulted his father the white man makes Uncle Sam beat Lee. As he is doing so he says You must never lift your hand to a white person and it describes him as saying so bitterly. He is saying it bitterly because of course he doesnt want to have to hurt Lee. Sam beats Lee because he knows that he has to. If he doesnt then all manner of things could happen to him,Liza and Le e, the least of which being thrown off of the white mans land.After they have left Sam begins to sob. This is because he feels so guilty and angry with himself, the white man, and the political system that they have to live under.The next day he simply says to Aunt Liza One day This is a threat towards the white man and, again the political system. It is probably an empty and hollow threat but he has to keep thinking this to give him a reason to be angry and something to be angry at.The next day Liza was dishing out the food to Sam and Lee and insistently reassured Sam Its all right. Liza understood that Sam did what he had to do and that Sam was feeling guilty. She knew that he unavoidable some comfort and assurance that what he did was what he had to.In conclusion, the parts of courage and fears demonstrated in Crackling Day are facing up to reality, doing what you have to do, though it may not be right, standing up to what you feel is wrong. All the main black characters throug h the story show some type of fear one-way of another.Uncle Sam was afraid of the results if he did not do what the white man told him but he still did not want to hurt Lee. Sams courage was lying to the white man in a desperate attempt to prevent Lee from being hurt or being completely exposed to the injustice and immorality of apartheid.Aunt Liza showed incredible courage when she did not reply to the white man even though she knew that it might cause the family to suffer.Lee and Andreas both showed fear by actually going out and facing the cold, hunger and the long hours of walking.Lee single-handedly showed courage when he stood up to the white boys and when he did not say he was sorry (the first time anyway) to the white man.The message the author is trying to pop off in Crackling Day is that fear and a hard way of life bring courage and even the most unlikely people can be the most courageous.I think the main point that the author was trying to put to the reader is the immora lity of apartheid and racism and what it can do to people physically and mentally.

Chapter 7 The Boggart in the Wardrobe

Malfoy didnt reappear in fellowshipes until late on Thursday morning, when the Slytherins and Gryffindors were halfway through double Potions. He swagge tearing into the dungeon, his right arm coered in hold fasts and bound up in a sling, acting, in raises opinion, as though he were the valiant survivor of some dreadful battle.How is it, Draco? simpered Pansy Parkinson. Does it hurt much?Yeah, express Malfoy, regurgitateting on a brave sort of grimace. But vex saw him wink at Crabbe and Goyle when Pansy had looked away.Settle down, substantiate down, say prof Snape idly. nettle and Ron scowled at each other Snape wouldnt discombobulate verbalize garmenttle down if theyd walked in late, hed have given them detention. But Malfoy had perpetually been able to get away with anything in Snapes classes Snape was head of Slytherin House, and gener all toldy favored his own students above all others.They were making a new potion today, a Shrinking Solution. Malfoy set up his cau ldron right next to Harry and Ron, so that they were preparing their ingredients on the same table.Sir, Malfoy called, sir, Ill contract help cutting up these daisy roots, because of my arm Weasley, cut up Malfoys roots for him, say Snape with prohibited looking up.Ron went brick red.Theres nothing wrong with your arm, he hissed at Malfoy.Malfoy smirked across the table.Weasley, you perceive prof Snape cut up these roots.Ron seized his knife, pulled Malfoys roots toward him, and began to chop them roughly, so that they were all different sizes.Professor, drawled Malfoy, Weasleys mutilating my roots, sir.Snape approached their table, stared down his hooked nose at the roots, past gave Ron an unpleasant grinning from beneath his long, greasy black hair.Change roots with Malfoy, Weasley.But, sir Ron had spent the last quarter of an hour care honorabley shredding his own roots into exactly equal pieces.Now, say Snape in his most dangerous voice.Ron shoved his own beautifully cut roots across the table at Malfoy, then took up the knife again.And, sir, Ill need this shrivelfig skinned, state Malfoy, his voice full of malicious laughter.Potter, you can skin Malfoys shrivelfig, tell Snape, giving Harry the look of loathing he always reserved entirely for him.Harry took Malfoys shrivelfig as Ron began experimenting to repair the damage to the roots he right off had to use. Harry skinned the shrivelfig as fast as he could and flung it back down across the table at Malfoy without speaking. Malfoy was smirking more broadly than ever.Seen your pal Hagrid lately? he asked them quietly.None of your business, state Ron jerkily, without looking up.Im afraid he wont be a teacher much longer, said Malfoy in a tone of mock sorrow. Fathers not genuinely happy rough my injury Keep talking, Malfoy, and Ill give you a sure injury, snarled Ron.?C hes complained to the school governors. And to the Ministry of Magic. Fathers got a lot of influence, you know. And a lasting injury like this he gave a capacious, fake sigh who knows if my armll ever be the same again?So thats why youre putting it on, said Harry, accidentally beheading a dead caterpillar because his spate was shaking in anger, To try to get Hagrid fired.Well, said Malfoy, lowering his voice to a whisper, partly, Potter. But there are other benefits too. Weasley, slice my caterpillars for me.A few cauldrons away, Neville was in trouble. Neville regularly went to pieces in Potions lessons it was his worst subject, and his great fear of Professor Snape made things ten times worse. His potion, which was supposed to be a bright, acid green, had turned Orange, Longbottom, said Snape, ladling some up and allowing to splash back into the cauldron, so that e rattlingone could see.Orange. Tell me, boy, does anything penetrate that thick skull of yours? Didnt you hear me say, quite puzzle outly, that hardly one cat spleen was needed? Didnt I arouse plainly that a dash of leech juice would su ffice? What do I have to do to make you under basis, Longbottom?Neville was pink and trembling. He looked as though he was on the verge of tears.Please, sir, said Hermione, please, I could help Neville put it right I dont remember asking you to show off, Miss Granger, said Snape coldly, and Hermione went as pink as Neville. Longbottom, at the end of this lesson we pass on feed a few drops of this potion to your toad and see what happens. Perhaps that bequeath encourage you to do it properly.Snape go away, sledding Neville breathless with fear.Help me he moaned to Hermione.Hey, Harry, said Seamus Finnigan, leaning over to borrow Harrys brass scales, have you heard? Daily Prophet this morning they play Sirius Blacks been sighted.Where? said Harry and Ron quickly. On the other side of the table, Malfoy looked up, listening closely.Not too far from here, said Seamus, who looked excited. It was a Muggle who saw him. Course, she didnt really understand. The Muggles think hes just an ordinary criminal, dont they? So she phoned the telephone hot line. By the time the Ministry of Magic got there, he was gone.Not too far from here Ron repeated, looking significantly at Harry. He turned close to and saw Malfoy notice closely. What, Malfoy? Need something else skinned?But Malfoys eyes were shining malevolently, and they were fixed Harry. He leaned across the table.Thinking of assay to catch Black single-handed, Potter?Yeah, thats right, said Harry offhandedly.Malfoys thin mouth was curving in a mean smile.Of course, if it was me, he said quietly, Id have through with(p) something before now. I wouldnt be staying in school like a good boy, Id be out there looking for him.What are you talking about, Malfoy? said Ron roughly.Dont you know, Potter? breathed Malfoy, his pale eyes narrowed.Know what?Malfoy let out a low, sneering laugh.Maybe youd rather not risk your neck, he said. call for to leave it to the Dementors, do you? But if it was me, Id want revenge. Id hunt him down myself.What are you talking about? said Harry angrily, nevertheless at that moment Snape called, You should have finished adding your ingredients by now this potion needs to stew before it can be drunk, so clear away while it simmers and then well test LongbottomsCrabbe and Goyle laughed openly, watching Neville sweat as he stirred his potion feverishly. Hermione was muttering instructions to him out of the corner of her mouth, so that Snape wouldnt see. Harry and Ron packed away their unused ingredients and went to wash their workforce and ladles in the stone basin in the corner.What did Malfoy mean? Harry muttered to Ron as he stuck his hands under the icy jet that poured from the gargoyles mouth Why would I want revenge on Black? He hasnt done anything to me withal.Hes making it up, said Ron savagely. Hes trying to make you do something stupidThe end of the lesson in sight, Snape strode over to Neville, who was cowering by his cauldron.Everyone gather round, said Snape, his black eyes seem, and watch what happens to Longbottoms toad. If he has managed to produce a Shrinking Solution, it will shrink to a tadpole. If, as I dont doubt, he has done it wrong, his toad is likely to be poisoned.The Gryffindors watched fearfully. The Slytherins looked excited. Snape picked up Trevor the toad in his left field hand and dipped a small spoon into Nevilles potion, which was now green. He trickled a few drops down Trevors throat.There was a moment of hushed silence, in which Trevor gulped then there was a small pop, and Trevor the tadpole was sinuate in Snapes palm.The Gryffindors go bad into applause. Snape, looking sour, pulled a small bottle from the pocket of his robe, poured a few drops on top of Trevor, and he reappeared suddenly, fully grown.Five points from Gryffindor, said Snape, which wiped the smiles from every spunk. I told you not to help him, Miss Granger. Class dismissed.Harry, Ron, and Hermione climbed the steps to the entrance hall. Harry was still thinking about what Malfoy had said, while Ron was seething about Snape.Five points from Gryffindor because the potion was all right Why didnt you lie, Hermione? You shouldve said Neville did it all by himselfHermione didnt answer. Ron looked most.Where is she?Harry turned too. They were at the top of the steps now, watching the rest of the class pass them, heading for the Great Hall and lunch.She was right behind us, said Ron, frowning.Malfoy passed them, walking between Crabbe and Goyle. He smirked at Harry and disappeared.There she is, said Harry.Hermione was heaving slightly, hurrying up the stairs one hand clutched her bag, the other seemed to be tucking something down the front of her robes.How did you do that? said Ron.What? said Hermione, joining them.One clarified you were right behind us, the next moment, you were back at the bottom of the stairs again.What? Hermione looked slightly confused. Oh I had to go back for something. Oh no A seam had develop on Hermiones bag. Harry wasnt surprised he could see that it was crammed with at least a dozen large and heavy books.Why are you carrying all these around with you? Ron asked her.You know how many subjects Im taking, said Hermione breathlessly. Couldnt hold these for me, could you?But Ron was turning over the books she had handed him, looking at the covers. You havent got any of these subjects today. Its only defense Against the Dark liberal arts this afternoon.Oh yes, said Hermione vaguely, but she packed all the books back into her bag just the same. I hope theres something good for lunch, Im starving, she added, and she marched off toward the Great Hall.Dyou get the feeling Hermiones not telling us something? Ron asked Harry.******Professor lupine wasnt there when they arrived at his first Defense Against the Dark Arts lesson. They all sat down, took out their books, quills, and parchment, and were talking when he finally entered the room. Lupin smiled vaguely and placed his tatty old briefcase on the teachers desk. He was as shabby as ever but looked healthier than he had on the train, as though he had had a few square meals.Good afternoon, he said. Would you please put all your books back in your bags. Todays will be a practical lesson. You will need only your wands.A few curious looks were exchanged as the class put away their books. They had never had a practical Defense Against the Dark Arts class before, unless you counted the memorable class last year when their old teacher had brought a cageful of pixies to class and set them loose.Right then, said Professor Lupin, when everyone was ready. If youd follow me.Puzzled but interested, the class got to its feet and followed Professor Lupin out of the classroom. He led them along the deserted corridor and around a corner, where the first thing they saw was Peeves the Poltergeist, who was floating upside down in midair and stuffing the nearest keyhole with chewing gum.Peeves didnt look up until Profess or Lupin was devil feet away then he wiggled his curly-toed feet and broke into song.Loony, loopy Lupin, Peeves sang. Loony, loopy Lupin, loony, loopy Lupin Rude and unmanageable as he to the highest degree always was, Peeves usually showed some respect toward the teachers. Everyone looked quickly at Professor Lupin to see how he would take this to their surprise, he was still smiling.Id take that gum out of the keyhole if I were you, Peeves, he said pleasantly. Mr. Filch wont be able to get in to his brooms.Filch was the Hogwarts caretaker, a bad-tempered, failed wizard who waged a constant war against the students and, indeed, Peeves. However, Peeves compensable no attention to Professor Lupins words, except to blow a loud wet raspberry.Professor Lupin gave a small sigh and took out his wand.This is a useful little spell, he told the class over his shoulder. Please watch closely.He raised the wand to shoulder height, said, Waddiwasi and pointed it at Peeves.With the force of a bullet, the survey of chewing gum shot out of the keyhole and straight down Peevess left nostril he whirled upright and zoomed away, cursing.Cool, sir said Dean Thomas in amazement. give thanks you, Dean, said Professor Lupin, putting his wand away again. Shall we proceed?They set off again, the class looking at shabby Professor Lupin with increase respect. He led them down a second corridor and stopped, right outside the staffroom door.Inside, please, said Professor Lupin, opening it and standing back.The staffroom, a long, paneled room full of old, mismatched chairs, was empty except for one teacher. Professor Snape was sitting in a low armchair, and he looked around as the class filed in. His eyes were glittering and there was a nasty sneer playing around his mouth. As Professor Lupin came in and made to close the door behind him, Snape said, intrust it open, Lupin. Id rather not witness this. He got to his feet and strode past the class, his black robes billowing behind him. At the doorway he turned on his heel and said, perchance no ones warned you, Lupin, but this class contains Neville Longbottom. I would advise you not to entrust him with anything difficult. Not unless Miss Granger is hissing instructions in his ear.Neville went scarlet. Harry glared at Snape it was bad enough that he bullied Neville in his own classes, let alone doing it in front of other teachers.Professor Lupin had raised his eyebrows.I was hoping that Neville would sanction me with the first stage of the operation, he said, and I am sure he will perform it admirably.Nevilles face went, if possible, even redder. Snapes lip curled, but he left, closure the door with a snap.Now, then, said Professor Lupin, beckoning the class toward the end of the room, where there was nothing but an old wardrobe where the teachers kept their spare robes. As Professor Lupin went to stand next to it, the wardrobe gave a sudden wobble, banging off the wall.Nothing to worry about, said Professor Lu pin calmly because a few people had jumped backward in alarm. Theres a Boggart in there.Most people seemed to feel that this was something to worry about. Neville gave Professor Lupin a look of nice terror, and Seamus Finnigan eyed the now rattling doorknob apprehensively.Boggarts like dark, enclosed spaces, said Professor Lupin. Wardrobes, the gap beneath beds, the cupboards under sinks Ive even met one that had lodged itself in a grandfather clock. This one moved in yesterday afternoon, and I asked the headmaster if the staff would leave it to give my third years some practice.So, the first capitulum we must ask ourselves is, what is a Boggart?Hermione put up her hand.Its a shape-shifter, she said. It can take the shape of whatever it thinks will frighten us most.Couldnt have put it better myself, said Professor Lupin, and Hermione glowed. So the Boggart sitting in the darkness within has not yet assumed a form. He does not yet know what will frighten the person on the other s ide of the door. Nobody knows what a Boggart looks like when he is alone, but when I let him out, he will immediately become whatever each of us most fears.This means, said Professor Lupin, choosing to ignore Nevilles small sputter of terror, that we have a huge advantage over the Boggart before we begin. Have you spotted it, Harry?Trying to answer a question with Hermione next to him, bobbing up and down on the balls of her feet with her hand in the air, was very off-putting, but Harry had a go.Er because there are so many of us, it wont know what shape it should be?Precisely, said Professor Lupin, and Hermione put her hand down, looking a little disappointed. Its always best to have company when youre dealing with a Boggart. He becomes confused. Which should he become, a decapitated corpse or a flesh-eating slug? I once saw a Boggart make that very mistake tried to frighten two people at once and turned himself into half a slug. Not remotely frightening.The charm that repels a Boggart is simple, yet it requires force of mind. You see, the thing that really finishes a Boggart is laughter. What you need to do is force it to assume a shape that you find amusing.We will practice the charm without wands first. After me, pleaseriddikulusRiddikulus said the class together.Good, said Professor Lupin. Very good. But that was the easy part, Im afraid. You see, the word alone is not enough. And this is where you come in, Neville.The wardrobe shook again, though not as much as Neville, who walked away as though he were heading for the gallows.Right, Neville, said Professor Lupin. First things first what would you say is the thing that frightens you most in the world?Nevilles lips moved, but no fraudulent scheme came out.I didnt catch that, Neville, sorry, said Professor Lupin cheerfully.Neville looked around rather wildly, as though begging someone to help him, then said, in barely more than a whisper, Professor Snape.Nearly everyone laughed. Even Neville grinned a pologetically. Professor Lupin, however, looked mentationful.Professor SnapehmmmNeville, I believe you live with your grandmother?Er yes, said Neville nervously. But I dont want the Boggart to turn into her either.No, no, you misunderstand me, said Professor Lupin, now smiling. I wonder, could you tell us what sort of clothes your grandmother usually wears?Neville looked startled, but said, Wellalways the same hat. A tall one with a stuffed vulture on top. And a long dressgreen, normallyand sometimes a fox-fur scarf.And a handbag? prompted Professor Lupin.A big red one, said Neville.Right then, said Professor Lupin. Can you picture those clothes very clearly, Neville? Can you see them in your minds eye?Yes, said Neville uncertainty, plainly wondering what was coming next.When the Boggart bursts out of this wardrobe, Neville, and sees you, it will assume the form of Professor Snape, said Lupin. And you will raise your wand thus and cry Riddikulus and concentrate hard on your gr andmothers clothes. If all goes well, Professor Boggart Snape will be forced into that vulture-topped hat, and that green dress, with that big red handbag.There was a great shout of laughter. The wardrobe wobbled more violently.If Neville is successful, the Boggart is likely to shift his attention to each of us in turn, said Professor Lupin. I would like all of you to take a moment now to think of the thing that scares you most, and imagine how you might force it to look comicalThe room went quiet. Harry thoughtWhat scared him most in the world?His first thought was Lord Voldemort a Voldemort returned to full strength. But before he had even started to proposal a possible counterattack on a Boggart-Voldemort, a horrible image came floating to the surface of his mind.A rotting, glistening hand, slithering back beneath a black cloaka long, rattling breath from an unseen mouththen a cold so penetrating it mat like drowningHarry shivered, then looked around, hoping no one had noticed . Many people had their eyes shut tight. Ron was muttering to himself, Take its legs off. Harry was sure he knew what that was about. Rons superior fear was spiders.Everyone ready? said Professor Lupin.Harry felt a lurch of fear. He wasnt ready. How could you make a Dementor less frightening? But he didnt want to ask for more time everyone else was nodding and rolling up their sleeves.Neville, were going to back away, said Professor Lupin. Let you have a clear field, all right? Ill call the next person forwardEveryone back, now, so Neville can get a clear shot They all retreated, backed against the walls, leaving Neville alone beside the wardrobe. He looked pale and frightened, but he had pushed up the sleeves of his robes and was holding his wand ready.On the count of three, Neville, said Professor Lupin, who was pointing his own wand at the handle of the wardrobe. One two three nowA jet of sparks shot from the end of Professor Lupins wand and hit the doorknob. The wardrobe bur st open. hook-nosed and menacing, Professor Snape stepped out, his eyes flashing at Neville.Neville backed away, his wand up, mouthing wordlessly. Snape was bearing down upon him, reaching inside his robes.R r riddikulus squeaked Neville.There was a noise like a whip crack. Snape stumbled he was wearing a long, lace-trimmed dress and a towering hat topped with a moth-eaten vulture, and he was singe a huge crimson handbag.There was a roar of laughter the Boggart paused, confused, and Professor Lupin shouted, Parvati ForwardParvati walked forward, her face set. Snape rounded on her. There was other crack, and where he had stood was a bloodstained, bandaged mummy its sightless face was turned to Parvati and it began to walk toward her very slowly, dragging its feet, its stiff arms rising Riddikulus cried Parvati.A bandage unraveled at the mummys feet it became entangled, fell face forward, and its head rolled off.Seamus roared Professor Lupin.Seamus darted past Parvati.Crack Where the mummy had been was a woman with floorlength black hair and a skeletal, green-tinged face a banshee. She opened her mouth wide and an unearthly sound filled the room, a long, wailing shriek that made the hair on Harrys head stand on end Riddikulus shouted Seamus.The banshee made a rasping noise and clutched her throat her voice was gone.Crack The banshee turned into a rat, which tail its tail in a circle, then crack- became a rattlesnake, which slithered and writhed before crack becoming a single, bloody eyeball.Its confused shouted Lupin. Were acquire there DeanDean hurried forward.Crack The eyeball became a severed hand, which flipped over and began to creep along the floor like a crab.Riddikulus cry Dean.There was a snap, and the hand was trapped in a mousetrap.Excellent Ron, you nextRon leapt forward.CrackQuite a few people screamed. A freak spider, six feet tall and covered in hair, was advancing on Ron, clicking its pincers menacingly. For a moment, Harry thought Ron had frozen. Then Riddikulus bellowed Ron, and the spiders legs vanished it rolled over and over Lavender browned squealed and ran out of its way and it came to a halt at Harrys feet. He raised his wand, ready, but Here shouted Professor Lupin suddenly, hurrying forward. CrackThe legless spider had vanished. For a second, everyone looked wildly around to see where it was. Then they saw a silvery-white orb hanging in the air in front of Lupin, who said, Riddikulus almost lazily.CrackForward, Neville, and finish him off said Lupin as the Boggart landed on the floor as a cockroach. Crack Snape was back. This time Neville charged forward looking determined.Riddikulus he shouted, and they had a split seconds view of Snape in his lacy dress before Neville let out a great Ha of laughter, and the Boggart exploded, burst into a thousand tiny wisps of smoke, and was gone.Excellent cried Professor Lupin as the class broke into applause. Excellent, Neville. Well done, everyoneLet me seefive points to Gryffindor for every person to tackle the Boggart ten for Neville because he did it twiceand five each to Hermione and Harry.But I didnt do anything, said Harry.You and Hermione answered my questions correctly at the start of the class, Harry, Lupin said lightly. Very well, everyone, an excellent lesson. Homework, kindly read the chapter on Boggarts and summarize it for meto be handed in on Monday. That will be all.Talking excitedly, the class left the staffroom. Harry, however, wasnt feeling cheerful. Professor Lupin had deliberately stopped him from tackling the Boggart. Why? Was it because hed seen Harry collapse on the train, and thought he wasnt up to much? Had he thought Harry would pass out again?But no one else seemed to have noticed anything.Did you see me take that banshee? shouted Seamus.And the hand said Dean, waving his own around.And Snape in that hatAnd my mummyI wonder why Professor Lupins frightened of crystal balls? said Lavender thoughtfully.That was t he best Defense Against the Dark Arts lesson weve ever had, wasnt it? said Ron excitedly as they made their way back to the classroom to get their bags.He seems like a very good teacher, said Hermione approvingly. But I wish I could have had a turn with the Boggart What would it have been for you? said Ron, sniggering. A piece of homework that only got nine out of ten?

Tools to measure the effectiveness of social media

What tools are there to measure the effectiveness of a social media campaign? Which, in your opinion, are the beat out and why? These are five tools to measure our social media market effectiveness Page Rank Checker Using a quick online form, this site enables us to instantly check our websites current Google page rank from O to 10. Our sites page rank is determined by a Google algorithm analyzing various elements of our website, and then study them to competitor sites. Hoot Suite Hoot Suite is probably best known for its social media communications dashboard LOL, but it also offers a entourage of analytical applications as well.With Hoot Suite, we can track brand mentions, analyze our social media traffic, and track the growth of our followers. Google Analytics and Backbone Insights can also be co-ordinated into our Hoot Suite account, making the service even more valuable. Clout Another social media analytics tool, Clout provides a measurement of our influences across social ne tworks. The mother wit of Clout is the Clout score which takes into account our network size, content, and how people interact with our online content. Clout cores range from O to 100, with 20 being the average.Google Analytics One of the most widely used web analytics application, Google Analytics is as robust as it is popular. Analytical tools include advertising ROI, e-commerce tracking, social network application tracking useful to analyze some(prenominal) website traffic, but also marketing effectiveness. A particularly useful feature is website referral traffic, which tells us where visitors came from before they visited our site. Backbone Insights Similar to Google Analytics, but for Backbone. Backbone Insights enables us to wake our likes by demographics and other attributes.It includes a plethora of handy statistics, like page views, performance of posts, inscribes information, and more. Backbone page administrators can access Backbone Insights on the unexpended hand s ide bar. In my opinion we need all tools to be able to have a clear picture of all our social media marketing success but we may chose page rank checker to see where we are comparing to our competitors.